The Effects Of Urbanization On The Human Population

Luckily, humans have put in efforts to understand and sometimes reverse the damage done. Wilcove describes ecosystem restoration, where usually humans put concentrated effort into recreating original habitats to restore indigenous populations. This is, unless “a very different assemblage of species has taken hold of the land and cannot be dislodged,” also known as a new “steady state” (Wilcove, 2000, p. 12). Wilcove himself joined the effort by studying the impacts humans have caused on woodland critters. He surveyed an area in Maryland to detect predators by setting cardboard coated in masonry powder to record footprints. He concluded that there were “six predators: opossum, raccoon, striped skunk, dog, cat, and blue jay. All are animals that benefit mightily from their association with people”(Wilcove, 2000, p. 42). He also mentions how extensive data can only be collected when looking at the observations of many people over the generations. He talks about “generational blindness,” which means how observers of a current generation cannot make conclusions on populations without the help of data collected from the past (Wilcove, 2000, p. 13).

However, they disagree on whether or not it is harming the wildlife populations in those areas. Terris says “roads and sprawling neighborhoods are replacing pristine wildlife habitats at an alarming pace, putting the survival and reproduction of plants and animals at risk.” Terris also believes it may be “the problem for U.S. wildlife in the 21st century”. (Terris) According to Terris, one victim of sprawl is the Florida panther, which has been reduced to a population of 30 to 50 adults. Furthermore, in the Sonoran Desert many plant species are affected, which also affects the animals that rely on those plants. She goes on to give numerous examples of animals and plants that are being harmed that spreads across the U.S., supporting the fact it is widespread.

The scale and pace of change is dramatic; for example, the extinction of species is occurring at around 100-fold pre-human rates4. The population sizes of vertebrate species have, on average, declined by half over the last 45 years5. More than 2.3 million km2 of primary forest has been felled since 20006. About

The main problem is that with urbanization people can really stop building our community. One solution is that we can preserve lands to keep them safe. There is also another solution of a bigger issue that may affect all animals, pollution. The problem of pollution is also another factor that affects all animal. There are somethings that people doing to stop this problem. In Pennsylvania the Eastern Spadefoot toads are considered to be a threatened

This lab report focus on the risk of extinction of the panther species of Florida due to habitat loss (urbanization), collisions road kill, intolerance and poor genetic diversity have been confined to this animal to live in a small part of South Florida become one of the most endangered mammals on the planet. About 160 cats remain in the wild. Therefore the objective of this report is to disseminate knowledge regarding the extinction of native species by identifying the mortality, its causes, area of action, level of ecosystem and possible solutions to prevent their extinction

I boarded the Amtrak the early morning of November 5th, 2016 from Davis, California to the Peytonia Slough Ecological Reserve (Peytonia Reserve) in Suisun, California. The trip to this brackish and saltwater reserve was to help me analyze the relationship between humans and wildlife in urban settings. Urban environments depend on the rehabilitation and protection of small natural areas like the Peytonia Reserve. At the Peytonia Reserve, both humans and native/non-native species live in cohabitation, which paints an accurate representation of reconciliation ecology. Humans use these natural areas, the Peytonia Reserve in this case, for recreational activities like hunting and fishing. This, in turn, benefits the wildlife that lives in the area because hunters and fishers want the environment to be well maintained in order to support their activities. I came up with the conclusion that even though humans have more to benefit from wildlife, wildlife also depends on humans to help protect and conserve their habitats.

The Eastern Gray Squirrel or Sciurus carolinensis is an invasive species for the Western United States. Native of Eastern North America, it was brought to the west through people releasing them in a variety of places such as parks (Hoefler 1990). Even though it was brought away from it’s natural

I am studying the Northern Goshawk, a raptor that most often dwells in thick forest in upper North America and throughout the Rocky Mountains. The focus of my investigation is the impact of forest cover on local Northern Goshawk populations, most specifically in areas that have changed relatively slowly in the past few years. This is in the interest of wanting an area that would allow me to determine just how drastically forest changes impact the Northern Goshawk population in the area. Regardless, my principle hypothesis is that if forest abundance declines, then the population of Northern Goshawks in that area will also decline.

This graph reflects genotype frequency over time and the domination of the gray squirrel (bb) population; they are almost 1 times to 4 times more than black squirrel populations (both BB &Bb) over generations. The black squirrel populations (both BB &Bb) is more stand out in the wooded environment, that’s why they become very noticeable to their predators. The situation becomes worsen during the colder months, the grayish trees give more advantage to gray squirrel (bb) population. Since the gray squirrel (bb) population is covered by grayish trees, black squirrel populations (both BB &Bb) are too obvious and become main target of the predators. Therefore, the black squirrel populations (both BB &Bb) size is keep decreasing; they almost extinct

Urbanization takes about a new set of difficulties to the environment. These difficulties contain land pollution and air pollution. As new roads and builds are built the capability of soil to engross water is reduced. However, these are not the only issues. As the population growths it begins to invade on the land that is occupied by native species. As a result, bigger predators several be scared off by the growing population throwing off the balance of natural selection. This is the case with Sparksville and the prairie dog population.

The first article chosen to review is ‘Population dynamics of house mice in Queensland grain- growing areas, 2013, Wildlife Research, 40, 661–674 by Anthony Pople, Joe Scanlan, Peter Cremasco, and Julianne Farrell’. This article focuses on the population field mice in the Darling Downs. This region of Australia is an extremely arable district in south eastern Queensland that has lost the majority of its native vegetation cover to agriculture (Fensham and Fairfax, 1997). The theme of this ecological topic demonstrates how a population of a species can increase due to the availability of food, and the methods to reduce numbers via poison baiting.

A new animal species that may affect our ecosystem has been located in Etobicoke, ON. Annie Pope a young woman was the first to report that she noticed an animal hanging in the tree of her backyard. A mere hour later the local animal shelter was flooded with calls of an animals the size of a monkey with the features of a raccoon in the trees around the neighbourhood. The animal has been caught by animal services and will be given to The Ballard Animal Institute to be safely kept and for further research.

This is because shrubs inhibit the ground squirrel's ability to escape predators. We found that the thirteen-lined grounds squirrels that we trapped in McCrory Gardens preferred a cover of heavy grass and trees. The Kentucky bluegrass(Poa pratensis) is the more abundant grass in the area the we trapped. Kentucky bluegrass makes a good habitat and cover for all three species. We saw the lowest abundance of all three species in areas of dense tree cover and shelter belts. The reason for less rodent abundance within the dense tree cover could be because predators are more likely found within this habitat.

In 2015, The Bren School of Environmental Science & Management studied the course of bobcat movement rates in Southern California avocado orchards. As natural habitats become fragmented by human activities, animals must increasingly move through human-dominated systems, particularly agricultural landscapes. Tests were conducted to understand if bobcat movement rates in the orchards were similar to those in natural land covers. The objective was tested by camera traps, which made it capable to understand if Bobcats frequented avocado orchards. However, both sides of the study show that other carnivores inhabit these orchards and could be important for their movement as well. The movement rates may reflect habitat quality or risks that encounter

In modern day urban settings, it is not uncommon to walk outside and experience Madagascar right in the city parks. OK, maybe not quite Madagascar yet, but cities are getting there. The wildlife that used to live out in the wild are now migrating into urban areas because there are no resources left for them in their original homes. The problem is humans. Humans have taken over the resources, homes, and economies that animals need to survive, so they are forced to come closer and closer to humans. The movement caused by this is creating many problems between humans and the animals that are forced to move. Urban wildlife is beginning to cause damage to the environment and needs to be stopped.