The Effects Of Venous Thromboembolism In Hospitalized Adult Patients

The clinical picture of acute pulmonary embolism (PE) is not similar from various aspect of its pathophysiological course presenting from minimal symptoms to variety of severity of disease like severe hypoxia, hypotension, right heart failure and death1. Massive pulmonary embolism is defined as obstruction of blood flow to a lobe or multiple segments of the lung, or for unstable hemodynamics, i.e. failure to maintain blood pressure without supportive measures.” This case highlights about aggressiveness of treatment and role of thrombolytic therapy for a severely hemodynamic unstable patient2.

Venous thromboembolism refers to the formation of a blood clot in a blood vessel. While clots can form in an artery or a vein, this article focuses only on clots that occur in a vein ("," 2015). Critically ill patients are at an increased risk of a venous thromboembolism (VTE) due to VTE can manifest as a deep venous thrombosis (DVT) or a pulmonary embolism (PE). Risk factors include venous stasis, vascular injury, and hypercoagulable disorders. A majority of ICU patients carry at least one risk factor for VTE; additional risk factors are considered to have a cumulative effect…it is impossible to predict which patients will experience a

All the pre-operative checks I did are important for patient safety and are derived from the World Health Organisation (WHO) surgical safety checklist (2008).The WHO Surgical Safety Checklist was developed after extensive consultation aiming to decrease errors and adverse events, and increase teamwork and communication in surgery (WHO, 2014). The ward staff had already put on the anti –embolism stockings on the patient.

Venous Thromboembolism (VTE) is a disease that embodies both pulmonary embolism (PE) and deep vein thrombosis (DVT). On the side of research, VTE is the most common preventable cause of hospital-associated mortality and is both the second most common medical complication and cause of excess length of hospital stay (LOS). Furthermore, with appropriate evidence-based prophylactic measures, the occurrence of hospital-associated VTE (HA-VTE) can be reduced by as much as seventy percent. Subsequently, there are approximately between 200,000 and 300,000 VTE-related deaths annually, which is greater than the yearly rate of mortality for breast cancer,

There are many people that suffer from venous thromboembolism. Venous thromboembolism includes both deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. This is the third most common cause of vascular death after a myocardial infarction, also known as a heart attack, and stroke. This article examines the possibility of either full or low intensity anticoagulation therapy versus aspirin. This was a randomized study that consisted of 3,396 individuals who have venous thromboembolism. These individuals either received rivaroxaban, which is an anticoagulant, or 100 mg of aspirin once a day. The individuals in this study completed 6-12 months of anticoagulation therapy and were eligible for inclusion in the study if they were 18 years of age or older. The

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is an epidemic that rain rapid in Australia and was a very big concern. The study of this sickness was a major Problem as it had affected the demographic area of Perth, Australia. The epidemic is a very big problem as VTE is connected with the trauma, surgery, and cancer and this sickness is caused while

From 1997 to 2007 anticoagulants have been identified as one of the top five drug types associated with patient safety in the United States. There is a big concern with patient education and medication administration in the hospital. In the hospital common problems included lack of standardization for the naming, labeling, and packaging of the medications that cause confusion. Additionally, lack of communication during report from nurse to nurse, information regarding monitoring, dose and time is not well communicated causing high risk for thromboembolism. Although some patients carry their treatment home, majority of patients receive treatment at the hospital. From year 1997 to 2008 twenty deaths and injuries occurred due to misuse of anticoagulants and only two deaths or injuries were associated with long term use. For patient education the health care profession must emphasis the importance of understanding and labeling the right medication, especially for pediatric patients. Additionally, anticoagulation labs should be provided before and during treatment to reduce any complications.

Administering anticoagulants is a major problem in the healthcare field. According to Monagle, Studdert, and Newall (2012), “Heparin is one of the most commonly used drugs in tertiary pediatric centres […and] a plethora of fatal and non-fatal heparin-related errors [are] being reported ” (p. 1). A specific incident occurred in 2007 regarding a medication error that affected the two infant twin boys of Dennis and Kimberly Quaid. Shortly after birth, the twins developed a staph infection and were to be given an anticoagulant called hep-lock. According to Rick Shapiro with The Legal Examiner, “the nurses administered at least two doses of heparin”(Shapiro, 2010, p. 1). Heparin is a more potent medication than hep-lock. This mistake meant

Thrombophlebitis means inflammation of a blood clot. It develops when a blood clot slows down the circulation in a vein under the skin. This usually occurs in the legs. Thrombophlebitis can affect veins in the arms or neck, but it is rare. If the affected vein is under the skin it causes superficial thrombophlebitis. If it is deep within a muscle it causes deep vein thrombus (DVT).

This paper aims to review the current evidence-based practices regarding VTE prevention, discuss the benefits of mechanical prophylaxis in preventing VTE, and explore the factors influencing patients' and nurses' noncompliance with mechanical prophylaxis. The authors will then propose a plan for change to increase awareness, and encourage patients and nurses to adhere strictly to mechanical prophylaxis of VTE.

Venous thrombosis and arterial thrombosis are considered to be distinct pathophysiological processes due to their evident anatomical variances. With one having to deal with platelet activation while the other involving the clotting system activation, arterial thrombosis and venous thrombosis are similar yet vastly different when it comes to the processes that are performed for the body. These same processes that help the body have to be performed accordingly or the signs and symptoms begin to show. For instance, venous thrombosis can lead to Chronic Venous Insuffiency and other issues when a body part is congested. This is most commonly causes by valvular incompetence in the low-pressure superficial venous system; however, it can also be causes

2. Gordon H. Guyatt, Elie A. Akl, Mark Crowther, David D. Gutterman, Holger J. Schuunemann. Antithrombotic Therapy and Prevention of Thrombosis. American College of Chest Physician Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines. Chest. 2012; 141. 3. Neil J. Stone, Jennifer G. Robinson, Alice H. Lichtenstein, C. Noel Bairey Merz, Conrad B. Blum, Robert H. Eckel, Anne C. Goldberg, David Gordon, Daniel Levy, Donald M. Lloyd-Jones, Patrick McBride, J. Sanford Schwartz, Susan T. Shero, Sidney C. Smith Jr, Karol Watson, Peter W. F. Wilson. Guideline on the Treatment of Blood Cholesterol to Reduce Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Risk in

Patients should be advised that there is an increased risk of post-procedure bleeding compared with non-anticoagulated patients

Management of anticoagulation in elderly patients represents a particularly challenging issue. Indeed, this patient population is at high thromboembolic and hemorrhagic risk. Assessment of the benefit-risk balance of anticoagulation is the key point when decisions are made about introducing and/or continuing such treatments in the individual elderly patient. In order to maximize the safety of anticoagulation in the elderly, factors like comorbidities and co-medication, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics alteration due to renal and hepatic function associated with aging, consequences due to insufficient education, need to be considered (109-111).The European society of cardiology- working group on thrombosis recommend considering all of the

medication administrations while decreasing the total time required for the initiation of this therapy. Therefore, the literature research for the best applicable evidence and translation of that evidence into practice is necessary to improve the quality of care. Upon careful review of various literature related to thrombolytic administration in acute care setting, two systemic reviews of randomized control trials (RCTs) and one quantitative quasi-experimental study have been selected to discuss the findings and their applicability into local practice.