The Effects of Ethical Climates on Bullying Behaviour in the Workplace

Bullying is found in the workplace as well. Types of workplace bullying can include: threat to professional status, threat to personal standing, isolation, overwork, and destabilisation. Questionnaires were sent to 1,580 National Health Service community trust employees and 1,100 completed surveys were recorded. Out of these, 294 employees (27%) reported being destabilised and 255 (23%) reported being isolated in the workplace (Quine 230). Destabilisation in the workplace often entails giving an employee meaningless tasks or not giving them the credit for what they have done. Withholding training or special opportunities away from an employee are types of isolationism. While being destabilised and isolated are both passive acts, they are forms of bullying. Even though bullying is considered a childish act, it occurs in adulthood, and that is

Past research has discovered that managers react to ethical dilemmas according to the situation. If specific values that are related to ethical behavior can be identified, they would offer strong tools for managers who want to retain high standards of ethical behavior in their society.

The survey was performed in 2010 involving members of the Ethics and Compliance Officer Association (ECOA). They focused on the evolution of business ethics by analyzing six other studies over a span of two-and-a-half decades. Members of the survey were ethics manager, but members on the previous studies were regular employees and management. The results of the analysis of the previous studies showed that ethics programs in companies during a time span of the 1980’s through the 1990’s was used to show social responsibilities and not necessarily to enforce it throughout the company. It showed that ethics programs now that companies follow ethical laws and they are motivated to be ethical. Another result of the study showed that ethics training at companies has increased since the 1990’s due to the passing of Sarbanes-Oxley and other laws directed at ethics. The passing of the laws in the early 2000’s has led to ethics being a major component of everyday

Bullying and harassment within the workplace can be attributed to a myriad of factors. The work

WORKPLACE BULLY Bullying is repeated irrational behaviour that could reasonably be known to be humiliating, intimidating, terrifying or belittling to a person, or group of persons, which creates a risk to health and safety. Repeated refers to the ongoing nature of the behaviour and can refer to a range of different types of behaviour over time, It does not refer to the specific type of behaviour, which may vary. Bullying may comprise a blend of behaviours. Bullying and harassment at work may be defined as repeated behavior, actions and practices directed at one or more workers, which may be carried out intentionally or unconsciously, but which are unwanted targets causing humiliation, offence, and anguish, and which may interfere with job performance and causing an unpleasant working environment.

 Article one” "Individual and situational predictors of the workplace bullying: why do perpetrators engage in the harassment of others" (Hauge, Skogstad & Einarsen, 2009). Authors: Lars Johan Hauge, Anders Skogstad, & Stale Einarsen. Article two:  " does trait anger, trait anxiety, or organisational position moderate the relationship between

Hanley , Anne O'Rourke, highlights the effects of workplace bullying to be intimidating, emotionally damaging persistent interpersonal abusive behaviour directed at one or several individuals. Workplace bullying is essentially an array of anti-social behaviours practiced by an individual to intimidate their victims within their workplace "over a period of time" or routinely. Furthermore, bullying is catalysed by "internal violence", a form which can vary in meaning (Timo, Fulop and Ruthjerse (2004). Within the European Union (EU) and Australia, bullying is commonly characterised as a "lower-level" violence, whereas in the United States, terms such as harassment, mistreatment, or emotional abuse are preferred (Mayhew and Chappell 2007). Additionally, Hanley and ORourke suggest "horizontal" violence and "mobbing" (group bullying) as other forms of bullying within the workforce to explain the "hostile" and "aggressive" nature groups of individuals abuse their victims with. Hanley and O'Rourke continue that for an 'event' to be acknowledged as workplace bullying, "consensus is that a target's exposure to such behaviours must occur frequently; that the behaviour is repeated over a period of time, and that it is not a one-time/ one-off incident"(Caponecchia and Wyatt 2011; Parzefall and Salin

Ethical behavior is behavior that a person considers to be appropriate. A person’s moral principals are shaped from birth, and developed overtime throughout the person’s life. There are many factors that can influence what a person believes whats is right, or what is wrong. Some factors are a person’s family, religious beliefs, culture, and experiences. In business it is of great importance for an employee to understand how to act ethically to prevent a company from being sued, and receiving criticism from the public while bringing in profits for the company. (Mallor, Barnes, Bowers, & Langvardt, 2010) Business ethics is when ethical behavior is applied in an business environment, or by a business. There are many

Workplace bullying can manifest itself in a number of ways, including threats to professional status, threats to personal standing, isolation, overwork and destabilization (Baack, 2012, ch.7, p.20). The impact on the individual being bullied can range from mildly unpleasant to unbearable. Targets can suffer from negative health effects such as anxiety, sleep disruption, loss of concentration, shame

Bullying often associated with one kid being cruel to another kid, evolved beyond the playground, and move into adulthood. Unfortunately, bullying has emerged into the workplace, aptly called workplace bullying. Bullying can happen at the same organizational rank (employee to employee) or involve hostility by a supervisor toward an employee (Baack, 2012). Conversely, workplace bullying is the repeated, health-harming mistreatment of one or more persons (the targets) by one or more perpetrators that includes threatening, humiliating, or intimidating behavior, work sabotage and verbal abuse (WBI, 2014). The article, Workplace Bullying: Costly and Preventable by Terry Wiedmer (2011), presents information about workplace bullying including

Heeman, V. (2007). Workplace Bullying: A Distinct, Interpersonal, and Communicative Phenomenon. Paper presented at the meeting of the National Communication Association.

On February 14th 1999, Silvia Braun, a policewoman from Bavaria/Germany did not appear in her office in Munich. Some of her colleagues found the 22-year-old woman later in her car on a service area on a highway – she had shot herself with her own rifle. Braun, an ambitious and determined woman, had no money problems, she did not suffer from any mental illness and she was not in love with someone who did not return her feelings. What was it that had made life unbearable for her? She had been being bullied for almost one year. She felt being humiliated, intimidated and sexually molested by her superior. This case shows how disastrous and dangerous bullying in the workplace can be.

The purpose or aim of every organization is to establish such an organizational culture and behavior among its employees that helps in achievement of ideal ethical standards. There are certain determinants that play a critical role in helping achieve the right organizational culture. Some of these include personal moral intensity, social ties, codes of ethics, locus of control and Machiavellianism. These

(Horvat, B., & Pagon, M., 2012, Para. Abstract) says, “creating a “mobbing safe” work environment can be a real challenge; to achieve it, a better understanding of related construct is necessary”. Workplace mobbing in its own can be detrimental to any organization and it’s even worse when employers are made aware of actions such as workplace mobbing and no nothing at all. According to (Horvat, B. & Pagon, M. 2012, pg. 160), “Leymann (1990), describes workplace mobbing as psychological, terror in a workplace caused by individual or a group on a daily basis for at least six months, until the victim leaves the organization or becomes in capable of practicing of his or her profession”.

In their personal and professional lives, people can and, unfortunately, sometimes do go against their moral and ethical standards. Ethical standards are what it means to be a good person, the social rules that govern our behavior. Ethics in business is essentially the study of what constitutes the right and wrong or the good or bad behavior in the workplace environment. A business is an organization whose objective is to provide goods or services for profit. The organization has a group of people that work together to achieve a common purpose. The moral challenges that these men and women face each day along with a whole range of problems that could occur, are why ethics plays such an important