Heavy Metal Music Research Paper

This instrument was developed by Aaron T. Beck who is a pioneer cognitive therapist. This instrument is commonly called the BDI and was developed in 1961. It was adapted in 1969 and a copyright was obtained in 1979. In developing the instrument Beck used a series of questions which enabled him to adequately measure the strength severity and complexity of depression. There are two versions of BDI, a long version which has 21 questions mostly used to measure specific symptom common with all patient suffering from depression. The shorter version which is composed of seven questions is meant to be used in a primary healthcare setting, with main purpose to evaluate, and monitor changes in of depression.

Participants recruited from Texas State University undergraduate psychology students through the Texas State SONA system (via advertisement emails) and through undergraduate psychology statistics courses (via instructor announcement) included 177 (female=146, male=31). Participant’s ages ranged from 18 to 39 (M=20.77, SD=3.50). 47.2 % of the participants were white/Caucasian, 19.3 % were African American, 28.4 % were Hispanic/Latino, 3.4% were Asian and 1.7 % were Native Hawaiian and other Pacific Islander.

In a study done by Jennifer L. Lilley, Crystal D. Oberle, and Jon G. Thompson, Jr. at Texas State University, they tested the effects of grade consequences and music on test anxiety and performance. The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effects of the participants grades if there were consequences and how music effects the participates anxiety and their test performances. There were previous works cited on how people improve their spatial cognitive task performances after listening to Mozart (Ho, Mason, & Spence, 2007). They also included studies where there were no benefits to people’s spatial cognitive task performances after listening to Mozart (Hui, 2006).

Introductory Psychology students (N = 305) from a mid-western university participated in the study online for course credit. Sixty-eight percent of the participants identified as female, 32% of the participants identified as male, and one participant did not indicate their gender. The majority of the participants were Caucasian (73%), and the average age of the participants was 19.04 (SD = 1.10).

In both Arbisi (2001) and Farmer’s (2001) review of the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) addresses an area of weaknesses was the prior version BDI lacked the diagnostic questions that related to self esteem, energy level, frustration and lack of interest. Both authors agreed that the change was necessary and now aligns with a full assessment of depression signs (Arbisi, 2001), (Farmer, 2001). It appears from the articles that both authors agree on the improvements and easy administration of the assessment.

Thesis: Music such as Rap and Rock-n-Roll have a negative impact in the youth in our society, the music promotes violence, sexism, and vulgar language.

Rock music has been a large part of our lives since its origins way back in the 1940’s. It’s tone has advanced and changed to meet the needs of specific sub genres, but the message is the same throughout the decades; Rock music is a staple of American culture. Emo and Death Metal hit on the emotional strains of their listeners, while Christian Rock and Rock and Roll give a more positive and upbeat feel. Regardless of the tone, music has been proven time and time again to be directly linked to the brain’s pleasure system. Songs that release a lower level of dopamine have been proven to trigger negative emotions such as depression and anxiety. They are also more likely to cause an emotional connection between the listener, and the song. Other

The Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) is one of the more popular and accepted self-report measuring assessments for depression. According to Dozios, Dobson and Ahlberg (1998), “The BDI-II proposes to measure the presence and severity of depression in psychiatrically diagnosed patients and in normal populations of both adolescents and adults” (p.83). The assessment itself is composed of a 21-item multiple-choice inventory measuring depressive symptoms and their severity. The 21 different items of measurement for the BDI-II each relate directly to specific common characteristics of depression and are as follows: sadness, pessimism, past failure, loss of pleasure, guilty feelings, punishment feelings, self-dislike, self-criticalness, suicidal

Does heavy metal music have effects on society? Many people love listening to this kind of music and they love going to concerts where these bands are playing. Going to concerts and listening to music is the whole part of the music industry. If fans did not go to concerts, then musicians would not be able to make money and be successful. Many people love listening to heavy metal music; however, some people think that it could lead to violence, depression, and self- loathing.

In this experiment there was a total of 23 college student participants, with 15 females and eight males. Age varied between participants, ranging from 19 to 30 years old, with a mean of 22 years old and a standard deviation of 2.3 years. Participants were of different ethnicities as well, with four Whites, six Blacks, seven Hispanics, four Asians, and two Others. The compensation for all participants was course credit.

With a great deal of different genres of music available for listening to, each genre must effect, shape, and allow for the expression of personality to be contrasting with each of the different genres of music that are available to us. In a recent study executed by Yair Neuman, Leonid Perlovsky, Yochai Cohen and Danny Livshits, from the Department of Education & Homeland Security Institute, based their experiment on “a very specific research question: Do personality types differ in terms of their essays’ similarity to the lyrics of various music genres?” (4). They set up their experiment to solely test whether a person’s personality can be directly affected by certain types of music. Their experiment concluded “…all results were statistically

The Beck Depression Inventory is a self-administered test, administered in a group setting or individually, that measures the severity of depression symptoms and attitudes of depression (pg 1 of manual). The revised Beck Depression Inventory was specifically designed to assess the severity of depression in clinically diagnosed patients. However, the revised Beck Depression Inventory was not specifically developed to be used as a screening instrument in normal populations or to reflect any specific theory of depression. Although the BDI is oftentimes used for screening in normal populations, it should be used with caution because high BDI scores do not necessarily indicated depression. This provides an indication of the level of intensity a patient’s depression is for the past week including the day of administration for clinicians.

In 1961, psychiatrist Aaron Beck created an assessment that measures an individual’s severity of depression in asking questions that relate to affect and somatic symptoms. The questions ask about a variety of symptoms including mood change, feelings of hopelessness, to more physical symptoms such as insomnia and loss of appetite The Beck Depression Inventory is a 21-question survey that asks questions regarding a client’s risk of suicide and feelings about the future. The answering scale ranges from “never” experiencing a symptom to “always” experiencing a symptom. The BDI has been used as an initial evaluation of depressed clients for over fifty years, and is still today, one of the most frequently used and preferred tests to measure depressed client’s symptoms.

A song or a piece of music has the power to transform an individual and take them not only to a different state of mind, but quite possibly a different consciousness. Making or singing music also has the power to transform an individual. “There is a resemblance of music in pitch, volume, rhythm, melody and structure to the natural human expression of emotion in voice, demeanor and behavior” (Ushedo, 2006, 1). Making music can create an environment where it indirectly teaches individuals communication and social skills through the emotions brought out by the music. The social interaction between individuals with behavioral problems has been aided by using musical activities. It can “encourage or motivate communication through musical activities, which are responsive to the child to promote eye contact, turn taking, sharing, joint attention” (Stephenson, 2006, 297). While creating a calmer and more relaxed environment with musical activities, behavioral problems can be aided through the use of this form of music therapy.

Participants were nationally sampled from nine introductory psychology courses including each grade level, freshman through seniors. While both male and female students are included in the sample the female population is 68% of the sample size which is made up of 488 students from smaller classes and 879 students from larger classes across the country. The students participating in the study were required to take the course for credit; however they had to give their consent to allow their data to be used