The Effects of Hiv/Aids

Did you know “AIDS is the leading cause of death in Africa” (Quinn, online). Twenty percent of Africa’s population has died from AIDS. Poverty is a big problem in Africa. Men have been forced to become migrant workers in urban areas. And antiretroviral treatment at this time is not available to African people. AIDS is a big problem in Africa today that is now requiring help from the world.

Of the 35 million people living with HIV in the world, 19 million do not know their HIV-positive status. Adolescent girls and young women account for one in four new HIV infections in sub-Saharan Africa. Women are much more vulnerable to HIV, tuberculosis and hepatitis B and C than the general public. Which is supported by this excerpt from a recent AIDSTAR-One regional report “Women and girls often face discrimination in terms of access to education, employment and healthcare. In this region, men often dominate sexual relationships. As a result, women cannot always practice safer sex even when they know the risks involved. Gender-based violence has been identified as a key driver of HIV transmission in the region.” (Ellsberg, Betron 2010) Many children are affected by the disease in a number of ways: they live with sick parents and relatives in households drained of resources due to the epidemic, and those who have lost parents are less likely to go to school or continue their education. Studies in the regions of Southern Africa and South-East Asia have found HIV/AIDS to negatively impact both the demand for and supply of education. Orphaned children are either pulled out of school or not enrolled at all due to the financial constraints of

In The Invisible Cure, Helen Epstein talks about why HIV/AIDS rate is so high in Africa compared to the rest of the world. Through the book, she gives us an account of the disease and the struggles that many health experts and ordinary Africans went through to understand this disease, and how different African countries approached the same problem differently. Through this paper, I will first address the different ways Uganda and Southern African countries, South Africa and Botswana in particular, dealt with this epidemic, and then explain how we can use what we have learned from these African countries to control outbreaks of communicable disease elsewhere around the world.

The low income due to HIV/AIDS leads to low consumption of goods and little savings, which results in malnutrition, inability to combat illness and a lack of education and skills. The low capital worth, low

The past decade has been hard on teachers, especially in 2002, when President George W. Bush’s No Child Left Behind went into effect. This brought about yearly testing from 3rd grade to 8th grade. If every child was not “proficient” and was “left behind” by the the education system then the school would be subject to sanctions. The worst

Many have voiced their concerns over the many issues within the teaching profession. Heather Voke of the Association for Supervision and Curriculum responds to one issue, the teacher shortage, by researching the nature of the shortage, its probable causes, problems resulting from the shortage, and frequently recommended policy changes. According to Voke (2003), 42 percent of all teachers leaving depart for lack of job satisfaction, to pursue another career, or better career opportunities. Low salaries and lack of public respect also impacts teacher retention. Policy recommendations to retain teachers include: salary increases, high quality induction programs, prohibit out-of-field teaching, include teachers in decision making, developing current teachers, collaboration with universities to attract and train teachers, and reduce class size. Voke suggests that policy makers and educational leaders do not understand the nature of the teacher shortage. Moreover, developing programs to attract candidates and not properly train them risks wasting valuable resources.

A common challenge for public education is the loss of new teachers during their first years as educators (Nelson, Duke, Hutchens, & Machell, 2014). Rural school systems have often battled with attracting and retaining teachers’ due to factors such as environment, resistance to change, student performance and administration (Goodpaster, Omolola, & Weaver, 2012). Other research has shown that urban school districts have a higher proportion of under-prepared teachers and have a need for retaining and recruiting qualified teachers (Nelson, Duke, Hutchens, & Machell, 2014). Addressing teacher attrition is important to decreasing the country’s ongoing teacher shortage crisis (Carver-Thomas & Hammond, 2017).

In the United States, majority of teachers are public school teachers and they make over three millions in numbers. The number of pupils per teacher has recorded a decline for the last few decades and it continues to decline to date. The average class size presently is over 20 pupils for public elementary schools and 23.4 for public secondary schools. This can tell the reason as to why teachers leave teaching professions because of workload.

School districts nationwide are facing a problem: While enrollment numbers are increasing, fewer teachers are becoming available. Coupled with a negative perception of teaching (thanks in part to overbearing education standards) as well as improvement made in other parts of the economy, fewer college students are becoming teachers. Even more damaging, teachers are leaving the profession for similar reasons.

There is a shortage of teachers due to their low salaries. Over the past couple of years,

One of the many problems in education is the attrition rate of teachers (Boyer Para 4). Many

One of the most important professions in around the world has some of the most unbelievably wicked problems one could only imagine. Could it possibly be the beloved, hardworking, underpaid professional school teacher sub coming to the wicked problems established and maintained by their under qualified Administration? Upon entering the field of education, for the first time professionally, this year, I often find myself overwhelmed by the number of wicked problems present in my work environment that I now am convinced is a widespread phenomena throughout the district and state, maybe even the country. One prevalent issue that raises concern to many others and myself is the inability for schools, let along districts to retain some of their highly qualified teachers and staff.

According to studies like those done by the Harvard Report, research has shown that high levels of teacher turnover negatively affects student achievement. There are additional studies like those done by the Teachers College Record, that indicate low teacher retention rates are often caused by poor working conditions within high-poverty schools. A school’s leadership, culture, and relationships within the school all affect working conditions and teacher satisfaction, which ultimately plays a role in teacher retention. Fortunately, these components are within the grasp of those working inside the schools and can be addressed without depending on changes by policymakers. Currently there are studies which show how

South Africa’s labor supply is negatively affected by incidences of HIV/AIDS because of increased mortality and morbidity. AIDS decreases fertility rates and deaths from the disease ultimately lowers the population and labor force. Workers in key sectors of the economy such as mining and healthcare have been particularly affected. One study done by researchers, (R Elias, University of Botswana, personal communication, 2000), estimated that the mining workforce aged between 30 and 44 would see a decrease from 60% to 15% in 2015. South African Healthcare professionals are also heavily impacted, 20% of student nurses are infected with HIV [2]. There is a dearth of data on HIV prevalence in the public domain but a few studies have been done in high risk sectors like transport and mining.

In the first year of teaching, four out of ten teachers quit. An educators job is not a walk in the park. In Kansas, we are facing a shortage of teachers. The most areas that are facing these shortages are Special Education, Adaptive and Functional Special Education, Early Childhood Handicapped, and hearing and visual impaired. It has been reported that Fewer students have chosen to major in education. There are many reasons that are causing the shortages, lack of