The Effects of Paternal and Maternal Age on Children at Conception

A baby’s genes are determined at conception. If something is faulty at this stage, this can have a huge impact on the child’s development. This may be physical or intellectual. If a mother takes drugs or smokes when pregnant, there is an increased chance of delivering an underweight baby at birth. It can also lead to cognitive problems for the child as they get older.

Lifestyle of parents can have effect on child’s potential development and this is because men’s sperm and women’s ova can be very easily damaged. Those who are planning a child is recommended: quitting smoking, avoiding alcohol and drugs, use of folic acid. It is also recommended not too late to plan a child because of age, it is harder to get pregnant, and

There are many risks associated with parental-age; including the increased likelihood of being pregnant with multiples, high blood pressure, hypertension and gestational diabetes. Consequently, these risks can cause the premature delivery of a baby with a low-birth weight (The American College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists 2015; March of Dimes 2017; Evidence Based Birth 2017). Women aged 40 are also susceptible to have a 51% chance of a spontaneous miscarriage and are two and-a-half times as likely to have a stillborn baby (Birth Injury Justice.org 2017); compared to a 22 year old with 8.7% (Birth Injury Justice.org 2017; Evidence Based Birth 2017). The miscarriage rates are higher in older women as they occur within the half of the first trimester due to genetic problems including Down syndrome; as 1 in 53 at the age of 40 have a baby with a genetic disorder, compared to 1 in 1064 at 25 (Evidence Based Birth 2017).

I thought your textbook accuracy was good with you quoting just right and writing down the chapter you were writing about. You wrote about how in early childhood, if you acquire a child, this event will affect you dramatically. You got confused on how this child or children make your same routine, as a young one, be a bad thing to their health. I will explain why this is a bad thing to their health. You are young and most likely have no job and even if you did, you would have a low income job that can barely support you let alone a child or children. You have no experience with a child and it will be tough to support the child at a young age. You will have money to spend on shelter and food for yourself and plus your child or children

The film Children of Men, directed by Alfonso Cuarón, shows a world in which child birth is a very rare and special thing. At point in time where majority of the film is taking place, a child has not been born in 18 years. This was a result of women becoming having more and more complications carrying a child, leading to more and more miscarriages, until a point was reached where pregnancy itself never even happens. This lead to a near extinction of humans. The movie was unclear as to the cause of this infertility epidemic.

Humans are not meant to alter Mother Nature, or they have to face the unnecessary repercussions. Parents should not be informed of their child’s life expectancy or percentage of diseases. The parents will live in fear of their

Subsequently, the world's elderly have died, the middle-aged have become elderly, and the young have matured into adults - but not a single child has been born. Scientists have struggled fruitlessly to understand the phenomenon and to develop new ways to extend and improve life.

The importance of defining an infant's conceptional age arises because the EEG (or a PSG) of a normal infant is more dependent upon the age of the brain following conception than the number of days following birth. Except when stressed, or in situations involving encephalopathy or medicationrelated factors, the EEG or PSG of a neonate reflects the actual developmental age of the brain. The brain, EEG, and PSG of an infant continue to develop and mature at a similar rate, independent of whether the infant is in utero or postdelivery. An EEG or PSG of a normal premature infant born at 32 weeks of gestational age whose chronologic age is 8 weeks should resemble that of a normal infant born at 40 weeks of gestational age 2 days earlier. The EEG and PSG patterns observed in infants 6 months or

Out of the three specific indirect effects of socioeconomic disadvantage on gestational age none of the specific indirect effects had a significant effect on gestational age. This shows that the effect socioeconomic disadvantage on gestational age are not mediated by other variables in the model Three of the nine specific indirect effects only three had a statistical significant effect on birth weight: SES Food BW with standardized coefficient (β= -0.226, p=0.000); SES Indoor BW with standardized coefficient (β= -0.488, p=0.000); SES SUB BW with standardized coefficient (β= -0.058, p=0.004); with indoor air pollution had a largest specific indirect effect with standardized coefficient (β= -0.488);

Also, there is a greater risk of a child having Down syndrome if the mother is over 35 years old.

According to Crawford and Walker(2010), the life course is defined in literature as, “The progression and path an individual takes from conception to death.” (Crawford and walker, 2012, p.3). The study of the life course and human development is extremely complex and could be described as interdisciplinary as it encompasses many fields of study. When examining the life course of individuals it is necessary to consider all of the various factors that affect human behaviour. These may include; psychological, biological, social, behavioural, cognitive or culture factors. Age can also be considered as a factor that influences lifespan development. In the early 19th century, the term “age related change” was regarded as only applicable to the early childhood stage but in recent years, psychologists have come to accept that age related changes occur throughout the entire life span. According to Boyd and Bee (2014), other earlier theories included Charles Darwin’s suggestion that, “the wide variety of life forms that exist on earth evolved gradually as a result of the interplay between environmental factors and genetic process.” (Boyd and Bee, 2014, p.3) Therefore Darwin proposed that it was either solely, “nature” or “nurture” that influenced the human development, but instead, a combination of both. In this assignment, I am going to focus on the specific psychological factors that influence human behaviour during the life course. I will compare two different psychological

Some fact (Yarrow, 1961, as cited in Early Experience, 1967) states that also the first few years of life have crucial effects upon later development and adult characteristics and that the significance of early infantile experience for later life development has been repeated so frequently and so seriously that the general effectiveness of this declaration is now almost unchallenged. Bowlby, 1951, (as cited in Early Experience, 1967) quotes that “the prolonged deprivation of the young child of maternal care may have grave and far-reaching effects in his character and so on the whole of his future life.” In comparison to this J.B. Watson (1928) also felt passionately about the first two years of a Childs life. He believed they were the most important and that

Part of life-span development research involves analyzing major concepts distinct features and developmental changes associated with everything from gender identification to changes in moral and emotional development. This paper will discuss the risks and developmental complications associated with each section of the development history and how deficits in each area may result or evolve into specific disorders and medical diseases later in development. Also, examination of long-term consequences associated with disorders and illnesses that develop and the relationship between the researchers findings and the developmental history case. Lastly, potential issues for the child based the responses received will be discussed.

For the mother, babies can make them feel and appear younger. In the early to mid-twenties is when a woman will have the most energy but are much less likely than a woman over 35 to be financially stable, be established in their work life and have the resources to look after and care for a baby. Older women will also have more life experience and maturity to draw on in rearing a child and looking after a baby. Younger mothers are known to sometimes feel resentful at having to postpone their jobs to look after a baby but older mothers are usually wanting and ready for a baby so unlikely to feel that same resentment. Also younger women tend to worry a lot more about their body image at that age as well as focussing on jobs or marriage and adding a baby into the mix can just be too much. An older woman is likely to be more stable in a relationship and therefore more likely to deal well with the changes that parenthood brings. Older women will have had many more years to think over what a baby will mean and are more likely than a younger woman to be emotionally ready to have a child. The older one is, the more mature and patient one will be with a child, in theory. Younger mothers, very young that is, find it hard in today’s society as it is not generally geared towards helping mothers in or barely out of school. John Mirowsky, a sociologist at the University of Texas, wrote that for ages 20 and younger “pregnancy is more likely to happen out of wedlock, more likely to interfere

One of the major concerns of having a child or becoming a parent is to do so when you're old and mature enough to take on the responsibility. One of the problems in today's