The Efficacy Of Neurologic Deficits From Cerebral In Patients With Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Haemorrhage ( Asah )

The patient was a female athlete, of Caucasian origin, aged 19 years old. The patient complained of having an associated dizziness and headache. She also complained of a blurry vision in both eyes, stating that his vision had become significantly starry. From the doctor’s diagnosis, the patient had a protracted concussion with vestibular symptoms which meant that she had slower reaction time, hence placing her at an increased risk for new injury. The patient did not have a history of vomiting, and the doctor ruled out the possibility of a brain injury that is associated with an elevated intracranial pressure. Also, the patient reported a previous history of concussions with prolonged neurologic symptoms that include dizziness, headache, and hyperacusis. The doctor noted

A Computed Tomography (CT) can be used to inspect large hemorrhages, that could be surgically excised, but in case of small hemorrhages, it is insensitive. Small hemorrhages could be early contusions or diffuse axon injury (DAI). SWI comes handy in determining such small hemorrhages and intracranial microhemmorhages. It is a high-resolution, fully velocity compensated, 3-dimensional gradient echo imaging sequence that is extremely sensitive to blood products in hemorrhage and deoxyhemoglobin in venous blood. Normally, CT and MRI would spot traumatic hemorrhagic lesions in cortical gray matter (GM), sub cortical white matter (WM), major white matter tracts, including corpus callosum and internal capsule, brainstem and in the ventricles. SWI helps in localizing microhemmorhages lesions at GM/WM junction. The research paper explores about a comparison of SWI and a conventional GRE performed by Tong et al. The outcome of it was a difference in lesion counts, which was highest in the brainstem/cerebellum and corpus callosum, while, lowest in the frontal & parietal-temporal-occipital GM/WM. The research article also reviews a study by Wu et al about patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) using CT and SWI. The

A stroke occurs when there is a disruption of blood flow within the brain. A stroke can occur in two ways, one is a blood clot forming which can block a vessel in the brain causing an ischemic stroke. Another way is having a leakage or burst in a blood vessel inside the brain, causing a brain bleed (hemorrhagic stroke). The population stroke most often affects are the African American, Alaska Native, and American Indian populations. Individuals with specific risk factors may also be at a greater risk of getting a stroke. These risk factors include high blood pressure, diabetes, heart diseases, smoking, and family history. There is no specific age of onset for stroke, but the risk of a stroke occurring does increase as an individual gets older.

Brain trauma occurs when an external force causes injury to the brain. It’s classified in a variety of different classes based on the severity of the injury, mechanisms: closed or penetrating head injury, and location of injury. However, in many cases of brain trauma the damage is traumatic, affecting the brain, physical capabilities, mental fortitude, personality, and behavior. In addition to the impairment of abilities and behavior after the trauma, the journey to recovery is long and hard. F.K a victim of brain trauma experienced the long journey of recovery that resulted from his injury.

Most intracranial aneurysms occur in the cerebral arteries, in which both saccular and fusiform aneurysms are found. Saccular or berry intracranial aneurysm is the most common type and frequent cause of aneurysmal or non-traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage.6 About 25% of cerebro-vascular deaths are due to ruptured berry aneurysm. Berry aneurysms arise at vessel bifurcation. These aneurysms occur mostly between the ages of 40 and 70 years. Ninety percent of symptomatic berry aneurysms occur in the anterior circulation and 10% in the posterior circulation. In a prospective autopsy study, the mean size of ruptured aneurysms was 8.6 mm and of unruptured was 4.7 mm.7 Several risk factors have been linked with intracranial aneurysm growth and rupture. It includes chronic hypertension, smoking, female gender and African- American ethnicity.8 Smoking has been associated with larger berry aneurysm size and multiple aneurysms.9-11 Alcohol abuse has been associated with aneurysm rupture.11 The role of hypertension in aneurysm formation has been controversial in the literature. Hypertension as a direct cause of aneurysms has never been established, however, it is believed that hypertension may exacerbate a rupture when it occurs and may

Aneurysms are a ballooning and weak area in the wall of an artery that supplies blood to the brain. They can burst at any moment and cause a subarachnoid hemorrhage, which is bleeding under the layer of brain coverings called the arachnoid. This can cause increased intracranial pressure which can lead to a stroke or even death if they aren’t discovered in time. They most commonly occur in the Circle of Willis in the anterior cerebral artery.

Intracranial aneurysms are the cerebrovascular disorder to at least 1.5 times its normal diameter due to endothelial cells losing its elastic and function on the cerebrovascular wall. The most common location for the intracranial aneurysms is at bifurcation points of major arteries which called Circle of Wills at the base of the brain. The intracranial aneurysms, also known as berry aneurysms because of its typical saccular shape, occur in 1-2% of the population, the higher incidence rate in elderly patients aged 60 or older. A subarachnoid hemorrhage due to rupture of intracranial aneurysms induces several symptoms, including nausea, vomiting, visual disturbance and so on, more seriously, leads to stroke. In United States, 1 case per 10000

It is A bleeding in the space between the brain and the tissue covering the brain AKA the Subarachnoid space

A stroke, also medically termed as a cerebrovascular accident (CVA), is one of the top five leading causes of death in multiple countries (Stroebele et al., 2011). A CVA is the loss of blood flow to the brain and is classified by location, duration, and type of blockage. A barricade of blow flow to the brain is considered an ischemic attack, while a bleed in the brain is called a hemorrhagic attack (Langhorne, Bernhardt, & Kwakkel, 2011). Langhorne et al. (2011) states that around 80% of CVAs are classified as an ischemic attack. A CVA can have a severe impact that causes long term disability, so it is important to understand signs, symptoms, and evaluations to understand the impact it can have on an individual’s performances.

This method does not take into account the possibility of weak conscious knowledge, we cannot report on that which we are unaware of. One study involving a 31 year old female patient (GR) whom, for a few months, had experienced severe headaches. Suddenly, she was hit with a massive headache, then blindness on the right side of her visual field, and dropped to a level 12 Glasgow Coma Score (GCS – an objective way of recording the conscious state of a person. A patient is assessed against the criteria of the scale, and the resulting points give a patient score between 3, indicating deep unconsciousness, and either 14 (original scale) or 15, the more widely used modified or revised scale). The results of a CT scan of her cerebral lobe indicated an anterior left occipital lobe hemorrhage, surrounding the subarachnoid space, and expanding to the left lateral ventricle, resulting in a moderate hydrocephalus (swelling of the head). The next day, her GCS decreased to 7, and a new CT scanning showed increased hydrocephalus. A drain was placed in the right lateral ventricle to drain CSF. Angiography showed an arteriovenous malformation. The malformation was treated with endovascular (of or relating to a surgical procedure in which a catheter containing medications or miniature instruments is inserted through the skin into a blood

Almost 500ml of CSF is produced daily. The CSF volume is roughly 150ml and the other have in the cranial cavity. The pressure of the CSF in the lumbar area within the horizontal position is ranging between 5 and 15 cm H2O .The CSF pressure increases in children with age. So dura perforation has possibility to allow the development of extreme leakage of CSF.CSF lead to intracranial hypotension and noticeable CSF volume reduction .After development of post Dural puncture headache, the existence of CSF leak has been confirmed with different investigation ( radiologica and surgical) ( Turnbull and Shepherd . 2003 )

The pathogenesis of vascular encephalopathy is renewed with cerebral circulation insufficiency in a relatively stable form or in the form of repeated short discirculation episodes, which can be asymptomatic or manifested clinically. The range of structural brain changes at discirculation can vary from changes in separate neurons, glia cells and white matter fibers to infarctions of various volume and location [2, 8, 16], which is finally manifested in focal changes of the brain substance, diffuse changes of white matter and cerebral

Aron K. Barbey who is a professor of neuroscience, psychology, and of speech and hearing science at Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology along with Roberto Colom and Walter Reed found that certain parts of the brain control certain cognitive abilities. This study helped to find when certain parts of the brain was damaged it affected specific aspects of general and emotional intelligence. I believe this research was informative and very well done. This study was on 152 Vietnam veterans with similar brain injuries. They found that many of the same regions of the brain contributed to general and emotional intelligence or for both of them. He also performed a previous study to map out how specific brain injuries impaired the performance

At any time, at any place, and at any moment right now, a horrendous disease called stroke will claim the life of one Canadian. In fact, every 7 minutes in Canada, someone dies from heart disease or stroke. Which makes us wonder, what is this horrific and sudden disease called stroke? Stroke is the sudden loss of brain function caused by a disturbance of blood flow to the brain. There are two types of strokes; ischemic stroke which is caused by the interruption of blood flow to the brain due to a blood clot (this is the most common type of stroke people experience) and hemorrhagic stroke which is caused by uncontrolled bleeding in the brain. Stroke affects the nervous and circulatory system within the human body, but can

Subarachnoid Hemorrhage (SAH) is bleeding of the brain within the subarachnoid space, which is the area between the brain and the tissues that cover the brain, where the cerebrospinal fluid neck circulates. The subarachnoid space it is responsible for protecting your brain from serious injuries by serving as a cushion. SAH is considered a medical emergency and is most commonly associated with brain aneurysms but can also be caused by sever head trauma such a fall resulting in the person hitting their head; especially in elderly people (Lewis, Heitkemper, Dirkson, Bucher, and Harding, 2014).