Assess the reasons for Israel’s unpreparedness for the Egyptian Syrian attack of October 1973
The Egyptian Syrian attack that took place on Yon Kippur is a hugely significant event in the history of the Arab Israeli conflict. Often referred to as ‘the trauma’, the attack revealed a number of key issues with regards to Israeli defence and intelligence that ultimately resulted in a severe lack of preparation. Israel was unprepared for a plethora of interlinking issues that resulted in a series of fatal mistakes with regard to intelligence and military preparedness. With regards intelligence, an entrenched and overconfident conviction in ‘the Concept’ blinded the Israeli’s to the concrete evidence and forewarnings of the Egyptian Syrian mobilization. The ingenuity of the Egyptian’s was also crucial to Israeli unpreparedness, especially the deployment of the almost certain double agent - Ashraf Marwan.
The ‘Concept’ is the first significant reason why Israel was grossly unprepared for the attack - she did not expect it and this was blunder of her own making. Upon official investigation into the errors of Israeli preparation, the 1975 Agranat Commission highlighted Israel’s Military Intelligence Directorate – Aman - had ‘persistently adhered’ to a single incorrect ‘Concept’ regarding Egypt’s attack capabilities, disregarding other key intelligence as a result. This ‘Concept’ was that Egypt would not wage war on the Israeli’s before she had, firstly, acquired long range attack
how monumental moments such as West Bank settlements, the rise of Yasser Arafat, Black September and the 1973 Yom Kippur war all have roots stemming from the Six-Day
The 1973 Arab-Israeli War, also known as the Yom Kippur War was a war that was fought by an alliance between Arab nations against the State of Israel. The war was fought between the 6th and the 25th of October, 1973. It began as the Arabic alliance launched a surprise attack on Israeli territories during the holiest day of the Judaic calendar, Yom Kippur. Egyptians started their attack from the Sinai Peninsula on the 6th with Syria attacking simultaneously from the Golan Heights. These two regions
Accords, in which Carter brought Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin and Egyptian President Anwar El Sadat together to discuss peace between the two nations. While most Americans see the Camp David Accords as progress toward peace, Arab leaders felt the opposite.
In an effort to establish himself and his knowledge with international affairs, Carter immersed himself in learning about the Middle East and did a tour in 1973 through Israel, Palestine, Egypt, and Syria. Before the Camp David Accords
again approximately a month later in Aqaba, Jordan proving the Egyptian authorities wrong. Aqaba is just across the Red Sea from Taba (Google Maps, 2014). AAB fired three rockets at two U.S. warships in the port of Aqaba in August 2005 (Winter, 2011, p. 886). The physical evidence traced the rockets, and planning back to Abu Musab al-Zarqawi based in Iraq (Klein, 2005). Al-Zaraqwi an al-Qaeda leader claimed responsibility for the attack on the AAB website (Klein, 2005). Although he was not the organization’s
up for the two nations and would lead to them better lives, in peace. Before the Egyptian Israeli Peace Pact was signed in 1978, Palestine and Israel were enemies with each other in
Description of Country
Syria is a country located in the Middle East, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Lebanon and Turkey.
The modern nation of Syria did not exist until the 20th century, although the idea of Syria has been in existence since at least the time of the Prophet Muhammad. The name “Syria”, was first used by the Greeks, historically identifying the region at the eastern end of the Mediterranean lying between Egypt and Asia Minor. Greater Syria, the larger region (called
The Arab–Israeli conflict is the political and military conflict between the nation of Israel and specific Arab countries. The Arab–Israeli conflict began in the late 19th century as a result of the rise of Zionism and Arab nationalism. The two sides have fought over land that both parties regard as their holy land. The Jews looked to reclaim the land promised to them by God after their escape from slavery in Egypt. The Arabs, who already resided on and owned the land, looked to maintain their ownership
The Arab-Israeli Conflict and Outside Influence on It
The history of the Arab-Israeli conflict has always been an
international one. It has never been simply a local problem. Foreign
powers have been involved since 1914, and, since 1973, the whole world
has been affected by the rise in oil prices, which are a consequence
of the Yom Kippur War.
The first sign of trouble between the two religious groups came just
after the First World War when tension between the two
1967, was a show of superior military force from Israel, launching preemptive strikes after battles were being fought between them and Arab forces. In 1973, Syrian and Egyptian armies launched a surprise attack while Israel was observing Yom Kippur. The war that followed lasted only 20 days, but cost at least 10 thousand lives. In 1978, The Egyptian President and Prime Minister of Israel met with Jimmy Carter in Camp David in order to attempt establishing peace in the Middle East. The resulting document
The History of the conflict in the Middle East is long and well documented. To both, and to many biased observers the history of the Egyptian/Israeli conflict is very one sided, with one government, or one people causing the continued wars between the two neighboring states. But, as any social scientist of any reputation will state, all international conflicts have more than one side, and usually are the result of events surrounding, and extending over the parties involved