The purpose of this paper is to focus on two of the eight stages of personality growth. Erik Erikson an ego psychologist created a theory on personality development evolution that states it is a continuous process through the lifetime of an individual. Erikson suggested culture also plays an essential role in a society 's perception and consideration of normal and considered abnormal. Erikson (1950, 1963), does not speak about psychosexual Stages as Freud, though influenced Freudian ideas. Erikson broadens on Freudian thoughts by focusing on acclimatize and creative characteristic of the ego, and escalating the stages of personality development to progress throughout the entire life. Erik taught the ego develops as it successfully resolves predicaments that are distinctly social. Erikson suggested that the human development process functions by a series of stages, which defined as the epigenetic principle of development. The beginning level of psychosocial development, is developing trust and it is an ongoing process, we respond to the crisis of helplessness and dependency by building up a sense of trust or a sense of misgiving. Trust, the more adaptive, desirable way of coping, is obviously the healthier psychological attitude. However, each of us must also cultivate some degree of mistrust as a type of protection from becoming gullible. Erikson believes the first psychosocial crisis occurs during the first year (corresponding to Freud 's oral stage of
In accordance to the theory “completion” of each stage must occur to obtain the characteristics found in a healthy personalities (Santrock, 2014). Disturbances of these stages result in personality diffusion or crisis (Crawford, Cohen, Johnson, Sneed, & Brook, 2004). Stage one “trust vs. mistrust” and stage four “industry vs inferiority” of Erikson’s Psychosocial
Erikson’s main contribution to psychology was his developmental theory. He developed eight psychosocial stages of development and believed that each stage presents
Erikson believed that people develop in psychosocial stages. He emphasized developmental change throughout the human life span. In Erikson's theory, eight stages of development result as we go through the life span. Each stage consists of a crisis that must be faced. According to Erikson, this crisis is not a catastrophe but a turning point. The more an individual resolves the crises successfully, the healthier development will be.
Just like Sigmund Freud, Erikson believed in the significance of early childhood. However, he believed that an individual’s personality development occurs over the individual’s entire course of life. In the early 1960s, Erik Erikson proposed a theory that provided a description of eight different stages of human development (Scheck, 2014). According to him, in each phase, individuals face new challenges and the outcome of the stage depends on how individuals handle the encountered challenges (Scheck, 2014). The stages are named based on the possible outcomes.
Erik Erikson and Sigmund Freud are different and similar in many ways. Erikson had the perspective of psychodynamic. Erikson believed that society and culture both challenge and shape up and that development proceeds throughout our lives in eight different stages and they emerge to a fixed pattern and are similar for all people. These different eight stages from Erikson presents a crisis or a conflict that the individual must resolve and must identify each crises of each stage in order to deal with the next stage. The eight stages that Erikson presented us with is; trust vs. mistrust, autonomy vs shame and doubt, initiative vs. guilt, industry vs inferiority, identity vs, role diffusion, intimacy vs isolation, generativity vs stagnation, and finally ego-integrity vs despair. These stages are of Erikson’s psychosocial
The second theory examined is Erik Erikson’s eight stages of psychosocial development. Each stage in Erikson’s theory involves a conflict/crisis that a person must work through to evolve their personality. Rosenthal (1981) explains that, “Each stage arises because a new dimension of social interaction
According to Erikson’s Nine Stages of Psychosocial Development, “Trust vs. Mistrust,” trust and, or, mistrust is experienced from as young as infancy. I first experienced trust when I was just an infant. Since my birth, my parents have been entrepreneurs, specializing in home decorations and home improvement. Where ever my parents went, I went, which is the reason why I found trust in them. I always knew that I would be right by my parents side at all times. Both parents pulled an equal amount of responsibility while raising me and my other four siblings, with each of us being two years apart. As claimed by my parents, I started walking at only five months and I did not crawl on my knees, as babies usually do, for a long. My parents also
Erikson’s theory was based on Freud’s psychosexual theory of ego psychology. He desired to determine that psychosocial development of an individual is due to the interaction between the innermost self, the social, historical, cultural background and the living individual (Seligman & Shanock, 1998). This theory is described basing on principals such as a) Epigenetic Principal, a) Radius of Relationship, b) Psychosocial Crisis, c) Prime Adaptive Ego Qualities and d) Core Pathologies (Newman & Newman,2012). Erikson also described the succession of eight stages of development. They are a) Oral sensory, b) Muscular-anal, c) Loco
Despite the limitations, Erikson’s theory had a great deal of popular appeal, as he shifted the focus away from the more psychosexual emphasis of Freud’s toward a more psychosocial focus. Erikson elaborated on Freud’s stages of development. Whereas Freud emphasized on early childhood, Erikson suggested that
To begin, I am going to talk about the first four stages of Erikson psychosocial crisis stages. The first psychosocial crisis occurs during the first year of life. It is known as the Trust V. Mistrust crisis stage. In this stage the infant is learning about the world they live in. During this part of the
Erik Erikson is known for his psychoanalytic theory of psychosocial development comprising eight stages from infancy to adulthood. Psychologist Erik Erikson, is a major contributor to developmental psychology, who proposed a comprehensive theory of the ways that individuals develop their identity, a sense of who they are, and society's influence on that development. Erikson stated that people go through crisis at each stage of their lives. The stages each had a developmental task to be mastered. As an individual resolved these various crises an individual would have a better harmony with their social environment that they live in. If an individual could not successfully resolve a crisis, they would be” out of step”, and the individual would have a greater difficulty in their dealing with a crisis in the future. Erikson did however recognize that an individual can develop through a stage negatively and still go on with their life. Erikson stated that each of the psychological stages have a basic conflict and important event leading to growth. The theory was developed from his hundreds of clinical observations in children.
Other psychoanalytical theorist – Erikson – contradicted Freud's idea based on biological stages by introducing child development in the context of social and cultural influences (Cunningham, 1993). Therefore we would talk about the psychosocial development as staged - the changes occur rapidly and each stage would be different from the previous one.
Erikson was a psychologist who was greatly influenced by Freud. Although influenced by Freud there are some differences in there developmental stages. Erikson believed that development in an individual was molded by society, culture, and environment. While Freud’s belief was that development is in some way is influenced by the fixation of sexual interest of different areas of the body. The stages in Erikson’s development theory outline how important social experiences can shape us. While Freud’s theory is mainly based on ones sexuality. Additionally the other significant difference between Erikson’s and Freud’s theories is the outcome of a particular stage. Erikson believed that the outcome of a certain stage was not permanent and that it could be changed later on in life. While Freud presumed that if an individual became fixated on a stage problems associated with that stage would be carried on through life.
Let´s take a look at Freud´s Psychosexual theory and Erikson´s Psychosocial theory beside each other. The first year of life. Freud called this the Oral Stage of development because he believes that oral stimulation was the primary means of development at this time.
Trust versus mistrust typically is from birth to 2 years old. You have to be able to balance trust and mistrust to judge good and bad situations as told by (Erickson & Kivnick in1986) this stage builds hope. Trust as defined in psychological development is truthfulness of people surrounding you and to sense how much you can trust that person. If a child is exposed to love and affection, a feeling of safety and stability he/she will develop trust. But if you replace love with hate, you don’t attend to a child’s needs, or you’re just careless or your always yelling at him/her the child will develop mistrust. (www.saylor.org)