The El Nino Southern Oscillation

Global climate change and variability, particularly at regional levels, are not completely understood. Therefore, there are many significant

The Earth has been experiencing a considerable amount of climate change for the last several decades. Natural factors that contribute to the climate system consist of: solar output, volcanic activity and earth’s orbit around the sun. The two factors relevant on timescales of contemporary climate exist in volcanic activity and changes in solar radiation. The earth’s energy balance primarily influences the amount of incoming energy from volcanic eruptions, which have a relatively short-term effect on climate. Changes in solar output have contributed greatly to climate trends over the past century. The effect of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere has been at least ten times that of changes in the Sun’s output and the ocean covers more than 70 percent of the earth’s surface, receiving twice the amount of earth’s radiation. Although the sun is the engine that drives all the weather, oceans and atmosphere control the sun 's energy along certain

Peru is an ever-changing climate system due to the mixture of terrain and climate that consist of everything from tropical forest in the east and deserts in the west. Additionally, in the Andes Mountains the temperature is always much colder than the rest of the Country and is located in the center of the Country. Peru maintains a stable southern hemisphere climate, one that is near reversed of the northern hemisphere with the summer months being December through February and the winter following in July through September. However, off the coast of South America an event changes the weather that happens every 2-7 years. The local citizens have named this event El Nino, which means "The Little Boy" due to its occurrence in December. During El Nino, the waters off Peru's coast begin to warm and cause large numbers of fish to die, effecting the wildlife and local population greatly. The fishers that live on the coast of Peru suffer tremendously due to the fish that die off are their main source of food and food production during this event. Additionally,

El Nino is referring to the dramatic change that occurs in the walker circulation cell and in other areas but I am going to focus on this specific area, where the usually south-easterly trade winds going from west of South America to Australia and Indonesia across the Pacific Ocean reverse or severely weaken. This occurs usually every 3-7 years and can last between 12-18 months. During an El Nino the warm sea in the western pacific migrate towards the South American coast because they are being dragged across by the winds. This stops the upwelling near South America and means that there are little nutrients in the sea. This lack of

This next graphic displays the typical precipitation during the different El Niño years listed up at the top. This is shown through anomalies/averages. As you can see, California and the Gulf states have large amounts of precipitation up to 5 inches above normal, due to the storms that cut across those areas. The northern parts of the U.S. have close to nearly normal rainfall, while the Ohio Valley and areas of Washington are below the normal amount of precipitation shown by the negative anomalies.

Can El Niño save California from wildfires, wilting crops and weary front lawns? The tropical event which causes the Pacific to warm and generally increases precipitation may be California’s Hail Mary. Indeed, there are reasons climatologists are optimistic about its arrival as California experienced two of its wettest years during two of El Niño’s visits -- in 1982 and 1997. The expectation that the powerful brewing storm will pummel California with precipitation sounds reasonable, but will that be enough? According to a NYT article, the state may just be hard-wired for continued drought and needs a real solution, not a hope and a prayer. Riding into the storm with a yearlong rain deficit, El Niño, the hopeful hero of the drought would theoretically

Thompson, Andrea. “Climate Change’s Evolving Role in Extreme Weather.” Climate Central: A Science & News Organization. N.p., n.d. Web. 02 Dec.

It is important to understand the various cycles our atmosphere goes through due to how they affect our daily lives. The ENSO Cycle has a large impact globally and locally in California as we have seen with the long-term drought Southern California is currently in. The ENSO cycle can be defined by sea surface temperature (SST) anomaly in the Pacific Equatorial Area known as Nino 3.4 region (5oN-5oS, 120o-170oW). Unusually cooler waters (-.5 degrees centigrade) occurring for three consecutive months outlines a La Niña. La Niña’s bring wetter weather to Australia and Indonesia but often leaves the Eastern Pacific dry. Unlike La Niña’s, unusually warm water (+.5 degrees centigrade above average) occurring for 3 consecutive month’s outlines an

With the upcoming El Niño, Los Angeles is at harm from any effects, such as landslides, mudflows, and flooding. El Niño has severely affected the coastal areas of Los Angeles County three times during the years of 1977-1978, 1982-1983, and 1997-1998 (FEMA, 2011). Los Angeles County has several watersheds such as the Los Angeles River, Santa Monica Bay, and San Gabriel River (LADPW) that serve to reduce flooding, but it may not have the proper infrastructure to prevent commercial or residential areas from flooding. Los Angeles may not have levees that can protect its areas because they might be structurally inferior or are not approved by FEMA (City of Los Angeles, Engineering. 2015). There are many hilly areas in Los Angeles, and residential

el nino is a warm band of water that periodically develops in the Pacific Ocean near the equator off western South America. El Niño—Spanish for “the child” because it often occurs around Christmas—occurs about once every two to seven years. El Niño can affect the weather in large parts of Asia, Africa, Indonesia, and North and South America, causing both floods and droughts. An El Niño event is often followed by a band of colder than normal ocean waters called La Niña, which is Spanish for “the girl.” La Niña produces the opposite weather conditions. Both of these phenomena cause changes in air pressure in the western Pacific. Together these two events are known as ENSO, or El Niño–Southern

It has been observed through various researches that in the last century, average temperatures across the globe increased by over 1.3°F with an increase of more than two times in the Arctic. (Bates, Kundzewicz, Wu, & Palutikof, June 2008). The results of climate change can also be seen in changing precipitation patterns, increases in ocean temperatures, changes in the sea level, and acidity and melting of glaciers and sea ice (USEPA, 2014).

You're probably thinking about how did El Nino gets it’s name it mean a boy which really means baby Jesus. So that make El nino a spanish word . El Niño is Spanish for Jesus. El Nino cycle starts by 1. During normal weather , Trade winds starts to blowing towards asia. 2.the trade winds week in and gets cold and move eastern of south america. El nino can affect weather in other parts or half of the world.

In the last 100 years, Earth’s average temperature has risen by 1.4°F. The rising global temperatures have caused changes in weather and climate. Global warming refers to the ongoing rise in the average temperature near Earth’s surface. This is causing a climate change, which refers to any significant change (major change in temperature, precipitation, or wind patterns) in the measures of climate lasting for an extended period of time (several decades or longer). Due to this, it is projected that the temperature will rise from 2 to 11.5°F in the next hundred years (US EPA, 2014). The “drivers,” which are the principal causes making this occur, are very controversial. It is debated whether a change in temperature is due to the work of

Over the years there has been a lot of controversy on if climate change is an issue that needs to be discussed and solved. There is a constant debate among scientist on if human actions are contributing the changing of earth’s climates. Climate change is defined as the change in average weather patterns for a specific region or Earth as a whole. This could include the change in an average temperature for a city or the amount a rainfall it receives (Dunbar, 2015). The main difference between weather and climate is the period of time specific patterns are recorded. Weather patterns are looked at over a much shorter period of time, meaning that these patterns are going to be more sporadic and change more frequently. Climate on the other had is recorded over a much longer period of time and usually show less drastic changes in patterns when compared to weather. Some people may argue that climate change is not an issue because Earth’s temperature is always changing do to natural effects. What people don’t realize is that human activity has effected the rate that earth’s temperature is changing, and just the smallest changes can lead to drastic consequences (Dunbar, 2015).

Scientists have discovered 'climate forcing’s ' influence variations in climate systems and based on the depth and period of such forcing’s the adjustments to climate may be in a shorter or longer earth cycle. Natural forcing’s like variations in earth 's orbit, solar variation, volcanic eruptions and motion of tectonic plates have influence on the Earth 's climate