The Electrolaryngograph ( Egg ) Is A Non Invasive Device Used For Measure Phonatory Behaviour

Watching my friends’ face quiver in disgust after recounting my experience of a videofluoroscopicy and my excitement from viewing the barium travel through the oropharyngeal and pharyngeal phases of swallowing, I realized I wanted to study the extraordinary field of Communication Sciences and Disorders. During my undergraduate career at East Carolina University, my anatomy and physiology class further fostered my enthusiasm for the field when discovering how intricate and complex it is for the human body to perform a simple task such as breathing and swallowing. I was able to utilize my thirst for knowledge of the human anatomy working in Dr. Perry’s Speech Imaging and Visualization Laboratory and enhance my writing skills by reviewing peer reviewed journal articles. Ultimately working and observing lab assistants create 3D anatomical models of the laryngeal mechanism, velopharyngeal mechanism, swallowing mechanism, skull and cranium,

The vocal note produced by the vibrations of the vocal folds is complex and made up of periodic (regular and repetitive) and aperiodic (irregular and non-repetitive) sound waves. The aperiodic waves are random noise introduced into the vocal signal owing to irregular or asymmetric adduction (closing) of the vocal folds. Noise impairs the clarity of the vocal note and too much noise is perceived as hoarseness.

Our vocalics which includes pitch, rate, and volume help us mean what we say. If an employee is frustrated, their vocalics will reveal the emotion to the supervisor.

Therapy exercises include “exercises to increase vocal fold adduction… and drills to provide practice in sustaining maximum duration phonation and maximum fundamental frequency range” (Elefant et al., 2012, p. 25). The Music Therapy Voice Protocol (MTVP) is a treatment technique based off of the LSVT. Each session lasts 60 minutes and includes conversation at the beginning and end of the session, facial and breathing exercises, singing and speech exercises, and practice in sustaining vowels. MTVP has been studied in participants to measure differences in intensity, intelligibility, maximum vocal range, maximum duration of sustained vowels, fundamental frequency, fundamental frequency variability, and mood. The MTVP has also been altered to be used in group therapy and given the title Group Music Therapy Voice Protocol (G-MTVP) (Elefant et al.,

Electromyography (EMG) is a way of measuring muscle electrical activity and use it in medical diagnoses which refers to muscle performance. The electric activity generated during muscle activation, known as the myoelectric signal, is generated from small electrical currents generated by the exchange of ions across the muscle membranes and detected with the help of surface electrodes [1].

The results also yielded relationship between velopharyngeal closure and perceptual speech. The results showed there was significant negative relationship between the degree of velopharyngeal closure and hypernasality (p=0.02<0.05). There was a strong moderate correlation (Rs=0.68). As the

Traditionally, VOT has been used to measure differences between voiced and voiceless consonants (Abramson & Lisker, 1970; Lisker & Abramson, 1964). However, VOT was shown to be longer at higher lung volumes in speakers indicating a relationship between length of VOT and LV (Hoit et al., 1993). Comparisons of VOT between singers and non-singers have yielded somewhat inconclusive results (McCrea & Morris, 2005; McCrea & Morris, 2007a; McCrea & Morris, 2007b). Male singers had significantly longer VOT after /p/ than untrained male singers, while in another study trained female singers had slightly shorter VOT times after /p/ onset. A schwa preceded the /p/ in the female study and not in the male study (e.g. “a pea at the peak”) which may account for the difference in

The purpose of this paper is to introduce and describe a prominent model applied to speech production over the past few decades. The source-filter model proposes that speech production is a two-stage process involving the origination of a sound source, which is then filtered (shaped) by the resonant properties of the vocal tract. The source and filter are utterly independent of each other, which enables the measuring and quantifying of the source separately from the filter. Sound sources can be either periodic or aperiodic, produced at the level of the glottis, whereas the filter makes up the entire supraglottal vocal tract. Evidence-based research support and view the speech production mechanism as a combination of a source and a filter and

On March 20, 2014, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved the first hybrid device to combine a cochlear implant (CI) with traditional amplification (USFDA, 2014). In theory, electroacoustic stimulation (EAS) allows users to take advantage of the strengths of both hearing aids (HAs) and CIs. The EAS-qualifying population currently includes individuals age 18 and older who have bilateral mild-moderate hearing loss (HL) in frequencies below 1000Hz, and bilateral, steeply sloping severe-profound HL in frequencies above 1000Hz

There are many different types of voice tones. Like, Sopranos, Altos, Bass, Tenors, Soprano one, Soprano two, Mezzo- Soprano, Contralto, Countertenor, and Baritone. Are all different voice ranges for music.

Resonance is the system responsible for shaping and modifying airflow as it passes through the pharyngeal, oral, and nasal cavity (Peña-Brooks & Hegde, 2007). One of the key structures involved in resonance is the velum. When there is weakness or slowness in the velar muscles, this results in the inability of the velum to completely elevate to ensure closure of the nasal cavity for the production of nonnasal speech phonemes (Freed, 2012). Thus, a nasal resonance is applied to phonemes that only require oral resonance, which results in hypernasal speech quality. This hypernasality became apparent in the client’s speech, specifically during the alternate motion rate, in which the task of /puh, puh, puh/ resulted in [muh, muh, muh], /tuh, tuh, tuh/ became [nuh, nuh, nuh]. It can be hypothesized that the hypernasality is the result of the spastic velar muscles. Nasal emission is another characteristic due to deficits in the resonance system. Although the client

The production of speech demands coordination of laryngeal, respiratory, and orofacial muscles (Simonyan & Horwitz, 2011), and once the brain has the framework and layout for what it wants to produce vocally, it can begin to implement its plan. In order to do this, it must leave the cerebrum and begin its journey down the spinal cord, the secondary part of the central nervous system. The journey begins in the motor cortices.

Voice cannot be produced in a traditional way as vocal folds are removed. (Mohebati & Shah, 2010)

A study conducted in 2015 analyzed Mercury’s voice. The study found overall Mercury’s voice ranged from an F#2 (92.2 Hz) to about G5 (about 784 Hz). This large range is uncommon among most singers. The study also found his vocal vibrato was 7.0 Hz. This level of modulation is irregular and is the equivalent of a vocal tremor (“Why Freddie Mercury’s Voice was so Great, as explained by Science”). These overall characteristics are not a normal for a singer and create a pleasing appeal which attracted large crowds. Many other artists have a large following in their musical careers. However, the voice appeal is not to the extent of Freddie Mercury’s appeal.

Since Korean has no stress pattern in lexical word level, it is expected that Korean speakers will produce a full vowel affected by the Korean prosody which has only stressed full vowels. Further, it is more likely that they have difficulty in producing reduced intensities and shorter duration for unstressed vowels compared to the stressed vowels. In terms of vowel quality, if the vowels are produced as non-reduced vowels, the realization will be full vowels. This study focuses on the acoustic analysis of the vowel quality of the reduced vowels. As far as concerned with which vowels will be produced as full vowels, it is predicted that the participants will produce other full vowels influenced by the assimilation effect of their L1, Korean.