The Emerald Ash Tree

The life cycle of the bronze birch borer is incredibly destructive because every step of it somehow involves damaging birch trees. Adult borers eat the leaves of the birch tree to prepare themselves for egg laying. When they're ready, they will lay their eggs in cracks in the bark. And once the eggs hatch, the larva burrows into the surface of the tree.

Ebenezer Baldwin Andrews did excavations in Ash Cave in the Hocking Valley, in 1876. He found skeletal remains in the cave along with millions of preserved seeds that were thousands of years old. The Chenopod seeds that were stored in the cave had thinner seed coats, this was a sign of domestication. A thinner seed coat means quicker germination for domesticated seeds versus wild seeds. Wild seeds with thicker seed coats prevents the seeds from germinating quick and keeps them protected from animals or throughout harsh seasons so they have a better chance of prospering as plants/crops later on. The Indians in this area selected for these seeds to germinate quicker so the crop would grow more rapidly and the food supply would increase to support

Emerald Ash Borer (EAB) most likely came to the United States through solid wood shipments from Asia, and has established its habitat in 25 states - including Georgia - and two Canadian provinces. The female lays eggs and the cream-colored larvae chew tunnels through the wood. The adults are shiny green beetles about a half inch in length and burrow through the wood. Symptoms of EAB infestation in a tree include vertical

The trees do a lot of evapotranspiration, so if the borer destroyed them, the watershed levels would increase. This increase would negatively affect plant diversity because invasive species and grasses would start to become present. In urban areas, there is usually more diversity, so the absence of black ash would not affect the habitat that significantly. Also, if a tree dies in an urban environment, another one can be planted. On the other hand, in a forested wetland, if black ash trees start dying they would be very hard to replace and replenish. Slesak et al., 2014 state that if evapotranspiration is affected, a shift in the vegetation would occur and favor herbaceous vegetation rather than trees. There are various methods used to manage the spread of EAB to black ash forested wetlands. Mercader et al., 2011 bring up one method, which consists of removing ash trees to reduce available host phloem resource. Basically, foresters cut down trees that can host EAB, attempting to eliminate their presence. A different method, brought up by BenDor et al., 2006, consists of implementing firewood

The emerald ash borer, Agrilus planipennis, is a beetle that was first discovered in 2002 in the US near the Detroit area and southeastern portions of Michigan. This beetle is believed to have originated in Asia. The theory is that they arrived in the states in packing material made of wood on cargo ships traveling on the St. Lawrence River, which then leads into the Great Lakes. Since 2002, this beetle has made its way into parts of Canada and now in at least eighteen states in the US (Emerald, n.d.). They are causing major destruction of Ash trees in all of these areas, and Vermont is starting to take precautions to be prepared if and when these beetles show up in The Green Mountain

The MPB can inflict extensive damage to a pine forest when optimum factors of growth are met. The first of three main factors is, an overabundance of mature trees. The MPB will only bore into large diameter trees which are more prevalent since fire suppression has become a primary practice for forest management. Eliminating fires also provides a large quantity of host sites. Tree density is detrimental to forest health because interspecies competition for resources induces stress which makes more pines vulnerable to MPB attack. The final factor that has made the MPB such a

Emerald Ash Borers has killed millions of ash tree and put billions more at risk. Emerald Ash Borers originated in Asia and eastern Russia was first discovered in Canada in 2002. It is now widespread in Quebec and Ontario areas. Emerald Ash Borers can be spread to various parts of Canada and USA through infested firewood trading. Therefore the government of Canada has decided to restrict infested areas. Emerald Ash Borer arrived to Canada through trading forestry products. If we had been more careful, Emerald Ash Borers would have never entered Canada. Therefore our interaction in cutting down trees to trade and trading with others has an important effect on the welfare of our forests. The interaction of receiving wood from outside our country

Forests are carbon sinks, they absorb carbon dioxide, a major greenhouse gas, from the atmosphere through photosynthesis and store it in plant biomass and soils belowground. When the trees die, they stop absorbing and storing carbon dioxide, and as they decompose, they release some of the stored carbon dioxide back into the atmosphere (Suzuki & Moola, 2008). The mountain pine beetle (Aendroctonus ponderosae) is a primary agent of forest disturbance, a higher number of outbreaks occur due to favorable forest age and climate patterns (Progar et al., 2014). The mountain pine beetle (MPB) starts its attack when the female finds a pine tree (usually lodgepole) that is at least 80 years old. Upon finding the tree the female bores into it, while releasing a pheromone that attracts the male beetles. When the males arrive they, also release more pheromones to attract more females. The tree tries to defend its self by secreting a toxic resin. But the beetles carry spores of a blue-stain fungus in their mouths which they release as they bore into the tree, the fungus prevents the tree from transporting nutrients and water. The beetles lay eggs under the tree’s bark, and when the larvae hatch, they feed on the blue fungus until they are mature enough to leave the now dead tree (Aukema et al., 2006).

Based on my observations and data collected so far, my tree and spot has changed in many different ways from September to December. Some changes in my spot are the color, texture, and number of leaves. Also, the texture of the bark on my tree, and ground surrounding my tree has changed. My tree is an Eastern Redbud (Cercis Canadensis). In the beginning of fall, my tree had mostly all of its leaves, but my tree was bare by January 4th. The texture of the leaves on my tree went from very soft and smooth in early fall, to a leathery rough texture by late December. The leaves on my tree were pure green when we started Adopt-A-Spot, and most leaves only started turning brown in late October, early December. The texture of the bark on my tree, and

Pine trees have two subgenus, one is the Strobus and the other one is the Pinus. (Earle, Christopher J. "Pinus (pine) Description - The Gymnosperm Database) There are about 114 species of Aspen out there. (Earle, Christopher J. "Pinus (pine) Description - The Gymnosperm Database) The main four types of Pine trees are scotch pine, ponderosa pine, bristlecone pine and black pine. (Lovetoknow Corp. "Pine Trees.") Pine trees are usually taller than 250 feet and have a lot of spiky leaves. (Lovetoknow Corp. "Pine Trees.") These leaves have a long vine then small spiky thin pieces of leaves branch out of the vines. (Lovetoknow Corp. "Pine Trees.") Pine trees barks are a mixture of green and brown and are quite smooth besides the little bumps. (Lovetoknow Corp. "Pine Trees.") Pine trees also have small pine cones which grow on the tree. (Lovetoknow Corp. "Pine Trees.") They are usually brown and face downwards with spikes facing downwards. (Lovetoknow Corp. "Pine Trees.") Pine trees are usually very popular in christmas, because they are easy to plant and not as hard to nurture as other plants. (Lovetoknow Corp. "Pine Trees.") For example the Aspen trees which are very hard to keep alive. Most Pine trees can last from 100 years all the way up to 1000 years, if they are not chopped down for paper by that time that is. (Lovetoknow Corp. "Pine Trees.") Even though these trees last for quite a long time they still have diseases. Some examples are, the canker disease, needle cast, white pine blister rust, root rot and beetle infestation. (Lovetoknow Corp. "Pine Trees.") Most of these disease makes the trees crack in half. (Lovetoknow Corp. "Pine Trees.") To prevent this sort of thing, you should not over fertilize the pine tree and don't constantly water the plant. (Lovetoknow Corp. "Pine Trees.") Aspen trees and Pine trees both grow small cones, which grow on the tree after it matures or while it

The Dendroctonus ponderosae (Mountain Pine Beetle) is estimated to have killed 46 million acres of trees from 2000 to 2012 - an area nearly the size of the state of Colorado, as stated in an article released by the Union of Concerned Scientists. In response to this epidemic, the U.S. Forest Service estimates that “as many as 100,000 beetle-killed trees fall to the ground every day in Southern Wyoming and Northern Colorado alone”. The results of the early 2000’s outbreak clearly reflect the devastation, but the reasons behind the infestation are not as defined. It 's commonly believed that the cause of the Mountain Pine Beetle outbreak was warmer temperatures that decreased winter larvae

Look at all those tree stumps; it’s as if a giant cut down the trees. Wandering the Petrified Forest National Park, Arizona, I noticed the fallen trees were devoid of bark and branches and some appeared cut, with a chainsaw.

The first is to chemically treat the trees with an insecticide. Secondly to release small beetles that eat the wooly adelgid. Both methods are extremely expensive both in time and money. The chemicals used in treating the trees target the wooly adelgids specifically. The University of North Georgia's predator beetle lab works to raise beetles that eat the Wooly adelgid.

Your local home improvement store will have a variety of treatment products that are used to protect the wood against insects and moisture. Applying a treatment

Paul Celan’s poem, Aspen Tree, is simple and direct in terms of focusing on the topic of death. It was especially interesting to read because of how Celan compares the actions of the Aspen Tree and his mother. This is evidently clear when he states that “Rain cloud, above the well do you hover?/My quiet mother weeps for everyone.”(Celan 5-6) Furthermore, this powerful imagery shows the rain cloud hovering above the well, which may represent the well’s water be dried up with sorrow. Additionally, the “rain cloud” symbolizes pain and tears which connects to the next line of the poem. His mother’s death increases the amount of tears from the well to the sky and thus expanding the rain cloud. I found that particularly odd since generally speaking,