The Emotions And Perceptions Of Our Mind

When a person with normal hearing hears the sound travels along the ear then bounces against the ear drum. The eardrum, the bones inside, and the cochlea vibrate and move thousands of tiny hairs inside the ear. When these hairs move an electrical response occurs. This electrical response goes to the hearing nerve and then it is send to the brain.

Basically how sound travels through the ear is a process of many steps. The sound waves are gathered by the pinna and then funneled into the meatus. Those waves then begin to vibrate the tympanic membrane which in turn hits against the malleus. The ossicle bones then vibrate like a chain reaction. The footplate will hit the oval window which triggers the fluid in the cochlea to move. The movement sways across the different hair cells creating impulses that are sent to the brain through the eighth cranial nerve.

Humans have blind spots because of the optic nerve information that is sent to the brain from the retina is through the optic nerve. Well the nerve has to have a way to exit the eye, that exit is where the blind spot is.

The middle ear has three ossicles (tiny bones) the hammer, the anvil, and the stirrup that connect the middle ear to the inner ear. When sound enters your middle ear, it causes the ossicles to vibrate. These vibrations then move into the cochlea, which is filled with fluid. When the vibrations move the fluid that is in the cochlea, it stimulates tiny hair cells that respond to different frequencies of sound. After the tiny hair cells are stimulated, they direct the frequencies of sound into the auditory nerve, as nerve impulses. (ASHA 2013)

Today’s society is faced with a plethora of media appealing to their emotional state by advertising the basic human need, to eat. The images that we see each and every day of our lives appear in media such as, magazines, billboards, television, during movies, and on the internet. These images are artfully recorded as film or photographs in such an advanced way that they tempt and tease our senses, inviting us to purchase and eat such a wonderful product (Cyberpat.com, 2013). Our senses are bombarded with messages constantly and are extremely sensitive to the messages they receive. The sense of sight and sense of smell are particularly sensitive and have a special connection with the processing of messages that affect the emotions Croy, Schirato and Webb, 2004). This is often referred to as The Hedonic Experiential Model. It is refers to the way consumers process information based on the concept that purchasing decision may be spur of the moment or irrational. This model reflects the emotions of the consumer, which more than likely, have been influenced by advertising or visual propaganda. (Clow) It is with little wonder that advertising or mass media propaganda, are expressed utilising the senses, and in particular, the sense of sight (Alden and Steenkamp et al., 1999).

The middle ear, which can be referred to as the Tympanic membrane, is responsible for transmitting sound waves from the outer ear into the inner ear. It accomplishes this by using three bones which are called the auditory ossicles. The three bones involved are the Malleus, the incus and stapes. These bones connect the tympanic membrane (eardrum) to the oval window of the inner ear. Each bone has a special function in the transmission of vibrations that will be discussed below. Although, the middle ear is usually good at maintaining balance and free from organisms; it can also be infected from other factors and complications.

The axons from the ganglion cells converge at the optic disc to form optic nerve which enters the cranial cavity through the optic foramen. At the optic disc these axons acquire a myelin coat from oligodendrocytes of the CNS.

This movement is passed to an auditory inner ear that functions to convert sound vibrations into neural messages. This inner ear is called the cochlea. Then the spiral organ Corti, which is located in the cochlea, is sent into action every time the oval window

When speaking of the conduction of sound, the middle ear bones deal with the conduction of the energy of sound. Movements are made by the ossicles of the middle ear in response to a change in air pressure. When air is pushed into the tympanic membrane, the bottom of the malleus goes in where the ossicles act as a lever, making the footplate of the stapes go in towards the oval window. This middle ear movement in the ossicles is what causes what we call sound.

When air is mechanically disturbed, sound waves are created. Sound waves enter the ear canal causing the eardrum and a series of three small bones in the middle ear to vibrate. This vibration is carried further into the inner ear (or cochlea) which is filled with fluid. As the fluid vibrates, tiny hair cells in the cochlea sway and bend, resulting in the generation of electrical impulses which are carried to the brain via the hearing nerve. The brain interprets this as sound and characterises the sound by its pitch (frequency) and volume (intensity).

Our brains process sound including music through sound waves. The sound waves undergo a long process in order to reach the brain. When the sound waves are being transferred they start by going into the outer ear and then transferring through the ear canal. At the end of the ear canal is the eardrum where the sound starts to vibrate and is sent to three different bones. The Malleus, Incus, and Stapes. The bones increase the sound’s vibrations until it is sent off to the cochlea. In the cochlea there is an “elastic partition” or a division of sound, dividing the sound into two parts. This is also known as the Basilar Membrane. The cochlea has a fluid inside and once it starts to ripple then a moving wave builds along the Basilar Membrane. There

The Auditory Pathway is a very complex pathway of how sound gets translated to auditory information. It first goes through the ear canal and hits the tymphatic membrane. Due to this hit, the tymphatic membrane vibrates. Then the vibrations from the tymphatic membrane proceed to the malleus, which pushes the incus, which pushes the stapes. The base of the stapes vibrates against the oval window. This vibration agitates the paralymph in the bony labyrinth. The perilymph transmits these vibrations to the Organ of Corti. The Organ of Corti has hair cells that make the movement of these hairs turn to nerve impulses. These impulses trave through the first order neurons (from Organ of Corti to Lateral Lemniscus)then to the second order neurons

The eyelids are made up of four layers, the skin, muscle, connective tissue and conjunctiva. The process of vision occurs when light waves from an object, enter through the iris. Light then passes through the lens of the eye, a double convex structure that is used to focus the light, and then reaches the retina. Inside the retina are rods and cones. Rods are used to sense light and dark, and cones are used for sensing colors. Whether the light entering the eye hits the cones or rods, a signal is sent across the optic nerve to the brain where it is processed and viewed as an image. Some issues people have with eyesight are as follows. Those who are farsighted are unable to see things clearly at a short distance, compared to a long distance. This occurs when the light that enters the eye is focused behind the retina, and not directly onto it. When the cornea is not curved enough, this happens. Nearsightedness is when one can see objects clear at a short distance, but not at a longer distance, and this is often caused by a change in the cornea. A Blind spot is the location the optic disk, where the optic nerve fiber exits, and at this location there are no cones or rods, so there is a blind spot.

Located in the middle ear are three auditory ossicles. These ossicles are the only three bones of the ear, which are the malleus, incus and stapes. Vibrations of the tympanic membrane also cause the ossicles to vibrate. Vibrations are amplified and transferred to the oval window, one of the two openings, by the stapes (Seeley, Stevens, & Tate, 2002). This produces movement in the perilymph of the cochlea. Perilymph is the fluid filled

The ear is looked upon as a miniature receiver, amplifier and signal-processing system. The structure of the outer ear catching sound waves as they move into the external auditory canal. The sound waves then hit the eardrum and the pressure of the air causes the drum to vibrate back and forth. When the eardrum vibrates its neighbour the malleus then vibrates too. The vibrations are then transmitted from the malleus to the incus and then to the stapes. Together