The Endocrine System: Diseases and Age-Related Changes Essay

Obesity is known to contribute to metabolic abnormalities. Findings of this study suggest that obesity also reflects Cushing's through hormonal interaction.

In this report I will be discussing the Endocrine System, and Cushing’s syndrome, a disease that targets this system. The endocrine system works together with the nervous system to maintain the body's homeostasis. Although both the nervous system and endocrine system do both help in maintaining the body's homeostasis the endocrine system responds much slower but its effects last for longer periods of time. The slow response of the endocrine system is due to the utilizing of chemical messengers known as hormones that are transported through the bloodstream. These hormones function by binding to specific receptor sites on target cells, the activation of these target cells depends on 3 important factors. The first of these factors

This is a rare medical condition that causes rapid human aging in childhood. This disease is terrible that it makes most children look just like 80-year-old people. Worst still, there is no treatment for progeria and children with progeria have very short lifespans, with most of them only living up to 30

Cushing Disease is the result of the excessive production of corticosteroids generally caused by ACTH-secreting benign pituitary microadenoma. Treatment of cushing disease is usually challenging. In some reccurent and permanent cases or sometimes in life-threatening conditions for rapid hormonal control even we have to use bilateral adrenolectomy.

The most common physical characteristic noticed about these individuals after birth is short stature. If it is not found at birth, a child will stick out around 5 years of age due to not growing as fast as their peers and become diagnosed with this condition. Other typical physical characteristics include swelling of hands and feet, delay in puberty and pterygium coli (skin folds along sides of the neck) (Doswell, Visootsak, Brady, & Graham, 2006). The hairline in the back of the head will be substantially lower. Also, the eyes will appear to be slanted downward and the ears rotated farther towards the back of the head. The lack of estrogen from the missing X can cause an array of skeletal deformities.

How does Graves’ disease treated? There are few options, it can be treated with antithyroid medications; methimazole (Tapazole) & propylthiouracil (PTU), radiation therapy (Radioactive iodine) and lastly surgical therapy. Patients that on antithyroid medications are typically utilized mixes of 1-thyroxine-the alleged piece and substitute regimen, which is connected with a decreased rate of iatrogenic hypothyroidism. Patients with Graves’ disease that became pregnant has a high risk of spontaneous abortion, premature birth and even fetal death, but can be lessened with the use of antithyroid drugs (propylthiouracil) (Momotani et

People with Turner syndrome have an increased risk of developing autoimmune disorders that affect the thyroid gland. A condition called autoimmune thyroiditis, or Hashimoto's disease, is common among Turner syndrome patients. The disorder occurs when the immune system attacks the patient's thyroid gland, causing the thyroid to swell. The thyroid gland, located in the neck, produces hormones called triodothyronin (T3) and thyroxine (T4). These hormones control growth and the rate at which the body uses energy (metabolism). The inflammation caused by Hashimoto's disease often leads to an underactive thyroid gland, called hypothyroidism. Therefore, patients with the condition may experience slowed development and fatigue. Patients typically receive

Cushing’s syndrome(CS) results from prolonged exposure to excess free glucocorticoids. Around 10-15 per million people are affected by CS every year(1). Most patients with CS have an Adrenocorticotrophic(ACTH)- secreting pituitary adenoma, which is otherwise known as Cushing’s disease. Other causes of CS include adrenal tumours, ectopic ACTH-secreting tumours and exogenous steroid use. Except for exogenous steroid use, the other mentioned causes of CS can all be caused by genetic mutations. Currently, very little is known about the prevalence of genetic mutations in CS. This essay will discuss the key genetic mutations that cause CS and explore the advantages of identifying the mutations with regards to clinical management of CS.

Cushing’s syndrome (CS) is an endocrine affection that is characterized by chronic excess of cortisol in the bloodstream, which results in a large number of clinical conditions. It has been reported that these conditions are associated with high rates of mortality in comparison to the general population (1). If not correctly treated, CS patients have a percentage of survival of 50% at five years (1). Nowadays, the treatment of CS primarily consists in promoting the reduction of cortisol levels in order to avoid its damages by resecting the tumour that secretes cortisol (2). In addition to this invasive management, pharmacological therapy acts considerably as an adjuvant factor (1,2). In spite of not being the treatment of first choice, the function of pharmacological therapy in patients with CS is supplementary and may be helpful to improve the

Progeria is caused by a mutation in the LMNA gene, which causes the aging process to speed up very rapidly. Since the aging process is sped up some symptoms are, loss of hair, slow growth, and wrinkling skin. These are some physical traits we see in elderly people right? Not with Progeria It is very sad as well because the people that have Progeria die early in their life around the ages of 14 to mid 20’s.

*Congenital adrenal hyperplasia, androgen-secreting tumours, Cushing's syndrome, 21-hydroxylase-deficient non-classic adrenal hyperplasia, androgenic/anabolic drug use or abuse, syndromes of severe insulin resistance, thyroid dysfunction, hyperprolactinaemia.

The endocrine system is the body system that deals with hormones and controls the body’s daily activities by producing specific chemicals. The endocrine system is also in charge of making sure that the body’s functions are coordinated and working properly. An example of this would be having the same body temperature at all times and falling asleep and waking up. Hormones play a major part in the endocrine system. Hormones are the chemical product of an endocrine gland. There are different hormones that have different jobs. Certain hormones can turn on, turn off, speed up, or slow down the activities that different organs and tissues take part in. Other hormones can regulate metabolism, growth, mood, and organ function. All of the organs involved in this body system work together but are located in different

glucocorticoids that float around freely in the plasma. The excess glucocorticoids could be as a

-In the middle aged to older pony a laminitis caused by a cortisone imbalance known as Cushings syndrome is being diagnosed more frequently. This is caused by a benign tumour of the pituitary gland of the brain, in most cases. Treatment is available to improve and stabilize the condition.

If Hypothyroidism is not treated mental retardation occurs. Treatments should be given to hypothyroidism to prevent from anemia, low body temperature and heart failure. Hypothyroidism is treated by replacing the thyroid gland to function properly by releasing thyroid hormones. The hormonal replacement therapy is life long medication. Regular monitoring of the hormone level with physicans diagnosis is required to improve the condition. (Medscape, 2017)