The Endocrine System is composed of glands that create and secrete hormones.
Hormones are chemical messengers that are sent out in the body to control many
different bodily functions. Hormones are used for things such as regulating body temperature and giving the body a “hunger feeling”.
One of the glands in the endocrine system is the hypothalamus, which is located in the brain, it is responsible for controlling homeostatic systems such as thirst and body temperature. The hypothalamus also is involved in controlling sex drive and sleep. The parathyroid is another, it is located in the anterior neck, it is responsible for controlling the amount of calcium in the body. The thymus is located behind the sternum, between the left and right lung. It is responsible for stimulating the development of T-cells in a
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Another gland in the immune system is the pancreas, it is located in the abdomen, it is responsible for regulating blood sugar. The adrenal glands are located at the top of both kidneys, it produces hormones that affect the body's heart rate, burn fat and proteins, and help the body respond to stress. The ovaries, produce female sex hormones and is located in the lower abdomen in women. The testes are held by the scrotum in men and are responsible for producing the male sex hormone.
One of the most important glands in the endocrine system is the Pituitary gland.
The pituitary gland produces hormones that control the other glands in the system as well as key body functions such as metabolism. It is located at the base of the brain, is only about the size of a single pea. It is known as the “ master control
The thermoregulatory centre is the part of the brain that monitors and controls body temperature. The pancreas meanwhile monitors and controls blood glucose concentration. It produces a hormone called insulin that reduces blood glucose levels.( Diabetes is a disease which can be caused by insufficient insulin.)
The last glands are the adrenal glands, which are located above the kidneys, and have an inner core and an outer layer. The inner core is called the adrenal medulla, and the outer layer is known as the adrenal cortex.
Hypothalamus: regulates thirst, appetite, body temperature and sleep cycles. Cerebellum: muscle movement, balance and coordination. Temporal lobe: verbal and visual memory. Limbic lobe: emotions and smells. Frontal lobe: planning and interpreting the world around us.
and near the base of the skull. The nasopharynx is the upper part of the throat, the pharynx,
The brain stem or the medulla is the closest to the spinal cord. The brainstem is responsible for most of the human bodily functions. The brain stem is critical for human survival and normal human functions. The brain stem is also responsible for information of pain and touch from the head and neck; it is also responsible for the inputs from the face and the mouth. Reticular formation is a group of neurons, nuclei, that are important for sleep and wakefulness. In reticular formation there is nuclei that are a major source of neurotransmitter serotonin. Serotonin is important for regulating mood and activities.
The hypothalamus is the bridge between the nervous system and the endocrine system. In terms of the nervous system, the hypothalamus is involved as it receives information from different parts of the nervous system. The hypothalamus is responsible for maintaining homeostasis, including the controlling regulation for body temperature, thirst, and blood pressure. For example the hypothalamus acts as a thermometer for the body (temperature of blood passing hypothalamus acts as thermometer), and in response it stimulates sweating or vasodilation to cool down. Whereas an endocrine organ, the hypothalamus is involved with the pituitary gland. Hormones such as Gonadotropin-releasing hormone, anti-diuretic hormone or corticotrophin hormone are all secreted by the hypothalamus. The release of hormones means it may lead to inhibiting or releasing hormone from the pituitary gland. The hypothalamus is able to work things between the anterior and posterior pituitary due to
Furthermore, the hormone in the circulation that is free and unbound, then binds to the
In turn, the parathyroid gland’s lymphatic vessels will drain into the deep cervical and paratracheal lymph nodes. The parathyroid gland is innervated by the thyroid branches of the sympathetic cervical
There are mainly two types of hypothyroidism in adults, primary hypothyroidism and secondary (central) hypothyroidism. In primary hypothyroidism, the thyroid tissue gets affected and losses functionality leading to diminished production of TH. Some causes of primary hypothyroidism are endemic iodine deficiency, autoimmune Hypothyroidism (Hashimoto’s thyroiditis), loss of thyroid function due treatment of hyperthyroidism, medications and radiation therapies around head and neck. On the other hand central hypothyroidism is caused by pituitary malfunction and hypothalamic malfunction. Congenital hypothyroidism occurs in newborns where they lack the presence of thyroid gland or has genetic disorder in TH synthesis. If not identified and treated this can severely effect child’s
As the control center of the endocrine system, the hypothalamus interacts with the body in a unique way. It has a symbiotic relationship with the pituitary gland, which stimulates the release of hormones to different parts of the body. Located inferior to the hypothalamus, the pituitary gland lies within a cavity of the sphenoid bone known as the sella turcica. The hypothalamus communicates with the pituitary gland through two separate lobes: one leading to the anterior pituitary and another leading to the posterior pituitary. The connection of these two lobes through the infundibulum forms the bridge between the nervous and endocrine systems.
The endocrine system is a group of glands distributed throughout the human body. This group of glands secretes substances called hormones. These hormones are dumping into the bloodstream (Shier, Butler & Lewis, 2009). The endocrine system does not have a single anatomic location. It is dispersed throughout the human body. The final purpose of this process is to control, regulate, and coordinate the functioning of the human body. Some body functions can be activated or inhibited by hormones, which are secreted in very small quantities. The hormone related diseases may be due to hyper secretion, or a hypo secretion. The hormones secreted by the endocrine glands regulate growth, development and function of many tissues, and coordinate the
the heart and in arteries. It carries blood away from the heart at high pressure, flows in spurts due
The function of the Pituitary gland is to produce critical hormones that are chemical substances that condor various bodily functions. It is situated at the base of the mind underneath the hypothalamus, with a pea-sized structure. The hypothalamus is the main center for control of the internal environment. It lies deep inside the forebrain and connects, structurally, and functionally with the pituitary gland. It also signals the pituitary by way of neurosecretory neurons, specialized neurons that release hormones into the blood. Some portion of the endocrine framework. It is joined to by means of nerve strands. The pituitary is divided into three segments.
The brain is divided into three main areas: the hindbrain, the midbrain and the forebrain. which has different sections they cover. The hindbrain is composed of the pons, the cerebellum and the medulla oblongata. The pons and cerebellum assist in maintaining balance and equilibrium, as well as movement, coordination and, the conduction of sensory information. The medulla oblongata controls automatic functions like breathing, heart rate and, digestion. The midbrain connects the hindbrain and forebrain together. The midbrain is involved in the functions of auditory and visual responses and motor. The forebrain is the largest part of the brain because it is mostly made up of the cerebral cortex. The forebrain consists of six parts: The Thalamus, The Hypothalamus, Pivitary, the Limbic System, Olfactory Bulb and, the Cerebral Cortex. The forebrain is responsible for receiving and processing information, as well as thinking, producing and understanding language and, controlling motor function. The thalamus is the main relay center between the medulla oblongata and the cerebrum. (Britannica, 2015) The hypothalamus is the important control center for sex drive, pleasure, pain, hunger, thirst, blood pressure, body temperature and other visceral functions. (Britannica, 2015) The pitvitary is the production of hormones as part of the endocrine
The human brain is one of the most metabolically attire organs in the human body with the other organs such as heart, kidneys etc., where the brain consumes about 60% of the body’s energy requirements. Still the heart and kidneys are more metabolically very active than that of the brain, but since the brain is larger, it takes a very high proportion of the energy of the body. Approximately 20- 23% of the body’s total energy is consumed when it is at the rest and 2% used for complete body mass where almost all oxygen is used to oxidize glucose to carbon di oxide and water. The brain stores only little amount of energy as glycogen and relies almost entirely on circulating glucose for fuel. Once this glucose is metabolized inside neurons by mitochondria