The Energy Consumption Of Carbon Dioxide

Switching from the expensive oil to alternative fuels has moved from a dream to reality. Today, there are dozens of alternatives to oil that are currently available us to be used. One alternative to oil that is being used more today is ethanol. Derived from plant materials, ethanol can be a cheaper, cleaner alternative to the gasoline that our vehicles run off. When going to gas pumps, one will notice that much of the gasoline is up to 10 percent of ethanol. According to our text, most ethanol in the U.S. is made from corn, yet ethanol can be made from any biomes-- including garbage. (Turk & Bensel, 2011)

World’s increasing demand for energy is fulfilled by different sectors (like Oil, Coal, Natural Gas, Hydro, Nuclear and others). Fossil fuels remain the dominant source of energy powering the world economy, supplying 60% of the energy increase out to 2035. Within that, gas looks set to become the fastest growing fossil fuel, spurred on by ample supplies and supportive environmental policies.

However, fossil fuels have important roles in safeguarding the agricultural sector by providing the chemicals required for the production of nourishments for excellent crops fertility, and insecticides for killing parasitic animals which reduce food demands. Thus, this improvement can help reduce hunger around the world, as it provided about 60% of the world’s food consumption (Goklany 2013). As shown below, fossil fuels invest several raw materials that is required for the harvesting of food supply (PB&J

Fossil fuels, a natural fuel formed from the remains of living organisms, has its benefits. It is easily available, and can produce large amounts of energy. It is abundantly available and is currently necessary to power millions of cars worldwide. It is easy to set up plants, and can be harvested at a very low cost. Unfortunately, these benefits come at a high price. Burning fossil fuels creates

This is proof that it is crucial to begin to create biofuels that have a lesser negative impact that can sustain the energy demands that we have today. Currently, as seen in the table, microbes have been proven to produce ethanol, biodiesel and hydrogen, which are all sources that can be used for producing renewable fuels. One of the various types of ethanol produced are C5 alcohols also referred to as isopentenols and other 5 branched carbon alcohols. As Connor and Liao suggest “Higher chain alcohols (C3–C5) contain a high energy density, and are compatible with the current infrastructure as they are less hygroscopic. These alcohols (iso-propanol, 1-propanol, 1-butanol, isobutanol, 3-methyl-1-butanol, 2-methyl-1-butanol, isopentenol) can be blended with gasoline and also have potential to be used as replacements, as 1-butanol has already been shown to perform well in conventional gasoline engines” (Connor; Liao, 2009). There is some controversy about how current biofuels are not efficient at low temperature; however, FABCEs and BFABCEs have low freezing points, which can allow for the biofuel to have greater performance (Tao et. al, 2015).

Biofuel is a fuel that contained energy from once living organisms. Biofuel is created by biomass conversion. Biomass is recently deceased organisms. These recently deceased organisms are converted into a substance called biomass that contains the energy. The biomass will be converted into a fuel using one of these methods: thermal conversion, chemical conversion and biochemical conversion. Thermal conversion is also known as thermal depolymerization, a process using high heat to produce biofuel. Chemical conversion uses various chemicals to produce biofuel. Finally, biochemical conversion uses enzymes, microbes, and catalysts to make biofuel.

When it comes to adapting and making the most out of its resources, humans have been the most successful species by far. We mold our environment to our benefit, and in doing so we discovered the potential that lay within our soil. Fossil fuels have provided us with easily accessible energy that can be mass produced. The overconsumption of these fuels has proved catastrophic to the environment and climate. We must use our ingenuity to create energy alternatives that are cleaner and renewable. Biofuels are plant based fuels that with a bit of more focus and refinement, can become the alternative that we desperately need.

A biofuel, by definition, is a fuel that’s made from living things or their waste [6] and the most commonly extracted and used is ethanol and diesel and are usually produced from crops such as wheat, soybeans, corn and sugarcane [7]. Obviously, as prices of crude oil are soaring biofuel is becoming more and more in demand and it does have

All over the world, people have been stuck on using fossil fuels. This addiction has been ongoing for the past century as the primary source of energy. Global usage of fossil fuels which include oil, coal, and natural gas, is now producing mass amounts of greenhouse emissions within our atmosphere. Such a series of events have cascaded into changes that are currently effecting the earth on multiple levels. Several of these effects are, but are not limited to: earth’s sea levels rising every year, polar ice caps melting at an alarming rate, life threatening heat waves occurring all over various places of the world, and more impending, inevitable crisis are yet to approach. While most people have already started witnessing the horrible effects, unfortunately there are still those who continue to ignore accurately acquired scientific data that has been collected and presented. Some politicians and experts are still denying the facts about using biological fuels, or that using fossil fuels have harmful effects to the climate altogether with mostly unfounded skepticism. However, other leading nations like Brazil, have already began distancing themselves from fossil fuels to a cleaner biological fuel that is produced from sugar canes (Demain). As an industrial leader in technology, the United States should consider increasing the production and research of alternative fuels. Time is currently racing in the battle against these harmful effects that are rapidly spoiling living

In the search for more and better sources for fuel, consumers are becoming more aware and involved in the production and promulgation of different available alternatives. One of the more popular choices to replace fossil-based energy sources are biofuels, liquid fuels produced from biomass (such as plant matter) or from the waste of living creatures (such as manure). The most common forms are biodiesel and ethanol. Positive support for biofuels has increased because technology advancements have made it easier to obtain, produce, use, and distribute this type of fuel. In addition to that, many environment conservationists say it is a greener option.

For the past few years, the biomass-based ethanol has caught the attention of global industry. According the Renewable Fuels Association [6], United States (U.S.) and Brazil are the pioneer countries in global bioethanol production with a percentage of approximately 90%. The involvement of several countries has already begun in new pathways development for biogasoline from biomass [7]. Wheals and al. refer that in North America, bioethanol is primarily provided from starch sources (corn starch) while in South America is mostly extracted from sugars (sugarcane juice) and molasses

The production of fuel from photosynthetic organisms like plants and algae is a renewable process using solar energy; therefore, biofuel is a capable resource and biomass is obtained for its production is from harvesting forestry and other plant residues. Even garbage from domestic houses and food industries can also be used as starting material of oil production by thermochemical liquefaction.

Chemically, bio-diesel is a methyl ester of C16 –C18 saturated and unsaturated fatty acids obtained through base, acid or enzyme catalyzed transesterification of vegetable oils with methanol. Enzyme catalyzed transesterification make the whole production process considerably sustainable and greener. In Europe, biodiesel is made predominantly from rape seed oil. Worldwide so many plants have been used for the production of biodiesel such as jojoba oil, jatropha oil, karanja oil etc. Transesterification of vegetable oil produce bio-diesel and glycerol. Glycerol can be further used for other important applications. The biodiesel so obtained can be added to diesel fuels in different percentage compositions that may vary from 5% to 30%. In some

The global shortages of fossil fuels, significant increase in crude oil prices, and increased environmental pollution problems related with fossil fuels have influenced the rapid growth in biodiesel production. This term paper reviews the current status of biodiesel production with lipases, including sources of lipases and reaction mechanism of biodiesel production using lipases, and immobilization techniques, factors affecting biodiesel production and economic feasibility of biodiesel production using lipases.

Production of Neutral lipid from algae Basanti L. and Gautieri P., 2014 states that the source of oil from algae biomass are lipids, these are classified as fatty acids and fatty acids derivatives, like Triacylglycerol’s, Wax esters, Phospholipids, phosphoglycerides and sphingomyelin, Isoprenoids (based on isoprene structure).The type of algal lipids that are convertible to biodiesel is the neutral type like triglycerides cholesterol though other types are like galactolipids among others are also produced. The synthesis of lipids in algae is achieved through three mechanisms and these include enzyme-mediated using pyruvate Elyse, acetyl coenzyme A and desaturation or elongation of unsaturated lipids The availability of catalysts in algae