The Epic And Fall Of The Ottoman Empire

Starting from the 1800s, the idea of nationalism spread into Europe, and into the Ottoman Empire. The idea of nationalism weakened the Ottoman Empire. The Ottoman Empire was a multi-ethnic empire, and nationalism grew in these different ethnics. They were allowed to still use their own language, have their ruler, and have their culture, which made them easier to break free from the Ottoman Empire.

The ruling elite of the Ottoman Empire were unique, because they were a foreign influence, which shaped the way they were perceived and how they displayed their identity. This was because; they were Devirshirme, recruits of the child levy system. They served in either the palace service or the Janissary military system. Their status as the ruling elite was bittersweet, filled with pros and cons. The Janissaries formed a powerful interest group, which allowed them to project their power to the Sultan as well as the people.

The Ottoman Turks emerged on the periphery of the Byzantine Empire and the Saljuk Turks. Under a Turkish Muslim warrior named Osman, raids were conducted in western Anatolia on Byzantine settlements and a vast number of Turks were united under his banner. Those Turks who flocked to Osman's banner and followed him into the history books came to be called the Ottomans. The word Ottoman, fits these Turks well as it roughly translates from Turkish as "those associated with Oman."

The Ottoman had several scenes of decline and each one had marked their history and are linked with it so I will explain each one. The armistice of 1918 ended the fighting between the Ottoman Empire and the Allies but didn´t bring stability or peace to the region. The British controlled Syria, Palestine and Mesopotamia.

There have been a series of reforms within the Ottoman Empire initiated with the first decree Hatt-i Sharif of Gulhane in 1839. This has the beginning of the Tanzimat Era. The reforms have been influenced by European ideas. Changing the Ottoman theocratic government into a modern state. With the implement of freeing imprisoned non-Muslims and easing up the tensions of the conquered subjects of the Ottoman Empire to prevent nationalistic uprisings, such as with the Greeks in 1821. The Ottoman government has become more secular state for the non-muslims communities. This degree eliminated taxations of farming into a regular system of assessing taxes, guaranteeing property to the subjects, reforming their military structure to be more western

Collapsing economic condition was increasingly agitating most of the Ottoman people. Some feared that the empire would not last any longer because of its accrued debts to other foreign capitals. Ottoman Empire had a very poor and underdeveloped inter-state functions and services. Because of this factor, the growth and progress of the nation was hampered. There were not enough resources and provisions that led to extreme poverty and hunger. Moreover, the leading hierarchal and nobles of the empire were corrupt and very incompetent. This significantly affected the economic stability of the empire and finally led to its collapsed after the end of World War I. Between 1854 and 1875, the Ottoman Empire had direct and indirect foreign investments. This provided seamless flow of funds to the empire. Millions

The demise of the Ottoman Empire began in the early twentieth century. The world was beginning to become more industrialized and because of that economies were rapidly changing. The sultans were not prone to taking this into consideration and firmly believed that since the Ottoman Empire survived that long just as it was then there was no need to reinvent themselves by becoming more industrialized. Inevitably, economic hardship fell upon the

The Ottoman Empire was one of the largest and strongest Turkish Muslim empires in the world, with its capitol Constantinople it led the trade in the eastern and western world. Constantinople had total control of the Silk Road due to location, being in the middle of the black and Mediterranean Sea gave Constantinople total control of the trade market. Leading for more than 600 years (Modern World History, chap. 5, sect. 2) the Ottoman Empire served as a unification between different and separated parts of the Islamic world. The Ottoman Empire rose to power mainly due to Mongols destroying their Islamic dynasty known as the Seljuk Turks, this in turn caused the Ottoman Turks to regain their strength and regroup. Military leaders also played an important role in the development of the empire.

In the late 1800’s a group of young scholars banned to together for the greater good of the ottoman empire. They along with many were extremely displeased with their situation the what happening at the time. Reforming was happening in the empire that was not the problem, it was the type of reforming the Young Ottomans were upset with. They all wanted to somehow preserve the roots to the ottoman empire. That was there was main objective. The Ottoman empire was moving in a way that they would be completely ran with a European government. They would not stand for this because they thought one should have ties to their origins.

The Ottoman empire was a mighty empire that ruled form 1299-1918. With its humble beginnings in the 12th century to become the most powerful empire in Europe the 16th century under the caliph Suleiman the magnificent, however like all empires the Ottomans reached a stage of stagnation. Although the Ottomans collapsed at the end of WW1, the main factors contributing the collapse begun in the 17th century where the Ottoman empire’s gradual process of decline started.

Following the collapse of the Ottoman Empire during World War One, Britain and France divided up the former Ottoman territories under the Sykes-Picot Agreement in 1916, which established French and British colonies, as well as asserted their respective spheres of influence in the region. The borders drawn under this agreement, however, have caused crippling effects still felt today; the Syrian territory was comprised of a Sunni majority, and Alawite (a Shi’a sect), Druze and Kurdish minorities. The present day Syrian Arab Republic emerged from this agreement, and formally gained independence in 1945.

The Ottoman empire; one of the greatest empires in history. The Empire, at its height, ruled most of the land around the Mediterranean. It contributed much to culture, science, religion, war, politics, and the world. Its monumental fall will be known throughout history. How can the swift decline of the Ottoman power be explained? Perhaps the best way to understand how important this event was, there needs to be a brief explanation of the history behind this epic collapse; showing the rise before the fall and the drastic change.

The Ottoman Empire was one of the major political forces in the South Eastern Europe who has shaped the history of the continent. The empire exists from 14th century to the beginning of the 20th century and it was one of the largest political organizations in the Europe at that time. Later on, the empire was replaced by the Turkish republic and various other states in the south Eastern Europe (Quataert, 2005).Calligraphy is an Islamic art form which is developed from the Nabatean script. During the Ottoman period, the art of Calligraphy reached its zenith period and many different developments occurred in the present form and later on “Turkish calligraphy” form had been established. Ottoman Turks produce different Arabic scripts which were considered as one of finest creation in the Arts. As Turks migrated to different parts of the Asia and expansion of Islam has helped in spreading the Arabic language. Ottoman Turks produced several varieties of Scripts, all the various branch or art of calligraphy. It was loved by ottoman Turks and the main centre of the art was ottoman capital Istanbul. The first two names asserting the Turkish calligraphy are Sultan Bayezid II and prince Korkut, both of them taught by sheikh Hamdullah. Calligraphy was practiced for 500 years, during 19th and 20th century the art was at its zenith (Derman, 2007).

Prior to the arrival of Nationalism and nationalist movements in the 19th century, Ottoman suzerainty over its non-Muslim subjects in the Mediterranean and its European territories (Balkans and Caucasus) rested on religious identification as the cornerstone of society within the Ottoman Empire. The success and resilience of the empire derived its legitimacy from the flexibility and willingness to accommodate and respect local customs and religions in exchange for taxes (Jyzhia) and pledges of loyalty.

As the Abdul Hamid became sultan Ottoman Empire was in hard conditions. Ottoman economy was getting worse though in 1875 the state came into a situation which it couldn’t pay the debts. There was some national riots in the Balkan region as an effect of Russia’s policy of Pan-Slavism. On the