The Epidemic Of Cell Phone Forensics

On April 3, 1973, the first public cellular phone call was made by Martin Cooper, then general manager of Motorola’s Communication Systems Division. Cooper called his rival at AT&T from the streets of New York City. Phones gradually added features, such as cameras, mp3 players, video capability, speakerphone, and much more. Today, cell phone technology has advanced to smartphones, which allow more computing ability and connectivity than a contemporary feature phone. The Droid, the iPhone, and the Blackberry are the most popularly sold phones in today's smartphone market.

There is a wide debate on if cell phones could testify against people. Cell phones have been around for 40 years. According to the Pew Research Center, “90% of Americans have cell phones and 60% have smart phones”. In the 40 years that phones have been around, people could be hiding things on their phones; but should that mean the authorities can go through anyone’s phone without a warrant? Police could see private stuff that people share with their loved ones, see the texts from anyone and the sender could possibly get in trouble, and they could see anyones private life stuff. The authorities should get a warrant before going through anyone's phone.

The walkie-talkie, developed in the late 1930s, was one of the first practical applications of mobile communications. Along with the first mobile telephone, invented in 1941, the walkie-talkie used radio waves to communicate. This was the first wireless communication device, but it was limited to the ability to only able to communicate with other walkie-talkies in the city only by radio waves. But soon people will have created signals for a new era of phones.

Moreover higher official instruct first responder to leave the discovered mobile device to be powered on at the crime scene. However forensics equipment such as Faraday bag are reliable but cannot be fully guaranteed the signal will not reach the phone, in order to block the phone from receiving data. Lastly, criminal investigation can be preceded by suppression hearing where the judge look at the evidence and determines if an unreasonable search violated a defendant’s constitutional right In this case, the forensic investigator has to follow the laws that deal with evidences. In overall, obtaining legal evidence from a mobile device is vital. David W (Bennett , August 20, 2011). Even though, electronic evidence poses special challenges, following proper forensic procedures as listed above will meet these challenges (Technical Working Group, july 2001). There are eight sections in this paper, first section is the introduction about digital evidence examination process and its challenges, second section is about describing digital evidence, third section is explanation about principles of cyber forensics, fourth section is about examination process, section 5 will discuss about Process model for Inculpatory and Exculpatory cases. Sixth section will discuss about crime reconstruction hypotheses. Seventh section discuss about alternative hypotheses and their importance, and finally, Last section concludes the paper.

According to Wolpin (2014), on March 6, 1983, Motorola officially unveiled the DynaTAC 8000X, but it would be seven months before the FCC gave the phone its blessing. The first commercial cellular service in the U.S. was initiated through Ameritech on October 12, 1983. There have been some concerns regarding the use of cellular phone while driving. The risk of traffic collisions, injuries, fatalities and property damage have been associated with cellular phone usage. There are many states within the U.S. that are now considering restrictions or bans on use of a cellular phone while driving.

Phones continued to develop clearer signals and longer ranges. The first cell phone, produced in 1947, was the car phone. However, it only worked when driving on the highway between Boston and New York. In 1973, the first portable phone call was placed, and by 1991 mobile phones were available to the public. By 2001, these newly developed cell phones overshadowed payphones and were an integral part of American daily life.

On April 3rd, 1973, the very first cell phone call was made by a man named Martin Cooper. Martin was using a Motorola DynaTAC 8000x, or as most people know as the very first cell phone. At first glance the 8000x basically looked like some

The first ever cellphone was created in 1876 by Alexander Graham Bell. Cellphones were introduced to the public in 1945, but before cellphones there was the mobile telephone services . The largest MTS market had no more than 44 channels, cellular networks were an ingenious way to expand service dramatically. In the 2000s, Apple released its first phone which included computer-capable technologies. Samsung. LG, and others followed Apple's footsteps and phones just keep coming faster each year. Cellphones were mainly created to make life easier on humans but some people have been taking advantage of this privilege.

This thesis aims to determine what attorneys consider to be the three most important characteristics of an expert witness from law enforcement digital forensics personnel. The analysis of digital evidence and court testimony of a digital investigator will be heard by a jury and thus will have a part in that jury’s determination of the guilt or innocence of the person who is accused of a crime. Offenses ranging from misdemeanors to capital crimes such as murder could possibly be involved, with sentences ranging from probation to the death penalty in Alabama. The testimony of the person who collects, examines, and reports on the evidence in a case can literally make the difference between life and death for the defendant. The qualifications of the witness giving testimony about digital forensic evidence are of supreme importance.

First of all, the telephone has a long history of impacting society from 1876 to 2017. The telephone began from Alexander Graham Bell it was the bell telephone. Telephones began as large, clunky devices capable of transmitting, and receiving voice messages over short distances. The telephone evolved into lighter transportable cellular devices capable of enabling communications over large distances. Today’s mobile phones would be a dream to the 1900s.

“The first hand- held cell phone was developed by Dr. Martin Cooper in the 1970’s and the cell tower and cell signal were put in place by Bell Laboratories and AT & T” (“History”). The phones were expensive at that time so people used them in their cars, due to the use of “battery” (“History”). On these cell phones you couldn’t talk long as a result of the “signals” and they were enormous phones (“History”). “Portable phones were used in the armed forces (”History”). Cell phones usage is high as a result of anybody having a cell phone (“History”). They are wireless devices that can be used to communicate anywhere in the country. The wireless phones are used for employers to communicate with their employees, family and friends, and essential to have when your vehicle breaks down for the safety of your life. Cell phones are used for communicating, but are definitely a distraction and can cause safety concerns.

During the Second World War Motorola developed the Handie-Talkie SCR536 handheld radio transmitter and receiver, and icon of that conflict, and forefather of the mobile phone. In the 1970s, together with AT&T, Motorola started developing cellular networks, and in 1980 the company released the world’s first mobile phone, the DynaTAC phone. From then on the company because a household telecommunications name.

Cyber forensics is becoming more and more common in crime investigation, this is expected, because of the relentless development of technology brings along with it crime related with

There is no doubt that cell phones, in this day and age, are a huge part of most Americans’ everyday life. Cell phones hold an abundance of various personal information and keepsakes such as pictures, videos, messages, and much more. With the extensive amount of information that these mobile devices hold, they may sometimes be helpful to reveal and trace criminal activity. Access to evidence of criminal activity can be very valuable to the police, but this access generally requires a warrant. The clear difference between cell phones and regular physical items that are subject to search and seizure in an arrest does not allow the usual “search incident to arrest” doctrine to be enforced with mobile devices (“Riley v. California”).

The term digital forensics was initially utilized as an equivalent word for computer forensics however has extended to cover examination of all gadgets fit for storing digital data. Digital forensics examinations have a mixture of application. The most widely recognized is to negate a speculation before criminal or courts. The technical part of an examination is separated into a few sub-branches, identifying with the kind of digital gadgets included such as computer forensics, network forensics, forensic data analysis and mobile device forensics. The common forensic procedure incorporates the seizure, measurable forensic imaging and investigation of digital media and the generation of a report into gathered evidence.