The Epidemiology Of An Infectious Disease

The third stage (Convalescent) of symptoms starts to decline towards the person. The coughing may start again months later and some people may not even show any symptoms. Mild and Persistant coughs are the only known symptoms during this stage.

Communicable disease outbreak occurs when there is a larger then expected incidence of a disease. It can affect a small group or thousands of people in a region. In some instances even just two independent cases can lead to an outbreak, eventually leading to an epidemic, or pandemic which refers to a global outbreak. Measles is a communicable disease that is highly contagious according to the World Health Organization (WHO). The good news is that it is a preventable disease, because there is a vaccine that is available to prevent people from contracting it. One complication that arises is when some people

No. It is hard to diagnose Pertussis early because the symptoms are the same as the common cold and only until the later stages of the disease is it normally

There were also similar cases in Japan and Sweden (Turkington and Ashby). Experts came to the conclusion that the lack of vaccines brought back pertussis in all three cases (Turkington and Ashby).

For instance, pertussis, or commonly known as whooping cough, “Whooping cough is a highly contagious respiratory tract infection (cdc.gov).” This infection may resemble a common cold; however, it quickly turns into a more serious illness, causing babies or those with compromised immune systems to stop breathing and can become fatal. Babies cannot receive this vaccination until they are two months of age. Most babies who have whooping cough catch it from their caregivers or other family members. Whooping cough spreads easily from person to person, through coughing and sneezing, usually people who spread whooping cough are unaware that they even have it. The best way to prevent this is to receive the pertussis vaccination, DTaP in children and TDaP in adults. If you have received the vaccination in the past, it is always best to ask your health care provider if you are in need of a booster vaccination. Much like other vaccinations, the boosters are just as important as the initial vaccination. The immunity can wear off over time leaving one susceptible to the

Whooping cough, which is also known as, Pertussis, is caused by infection by the Bordetella Pertussis bacteria. A highly contagious bacterial disease affects the respiratory system and produces spasms of coughing that usually end in a high-pitched whooping sound.

A health-issue known to be documented in the pre-school setting is pertussis, or better known as whooping cough (Kid Source Online, n.d.). Whooping cough, as it’s name implies, is a very communicable, infectious disease of the respiratory tract, which causes the child to make a “whooping” sound when trying to draw breath after a prolonged cough spell (Kid Source Online, n.d.). Nonetheless, not all children are known to make this said “whooping” sound while having this disease; thus, one must be aware of the general symptoms indicating whooping cough, which include, however aren't limited to, a runny nose and an extreme cough, both which gradually seem to only get worse, and perhaps can even end with the child profusely vomiting (Kid Source Online, n.d.).

Pertussis is transmitted through water droplets of an infected person coughing, sneezing, or laughing. Because of the amount and harshness of the cough, there may be thousands of droplets released at one time. People who are in close proximity to an infected person can then become infected by direct contact. Most infants acquire pertussis by secondary transmission by family members because it is often difficult to diagnose pertussis in an adult; it is normally thought to just be a cold in adults.

Early symptoms may include but are not limited to: runny nose, low-grade lingering fever, coughing, and apnea. That may not sound very bad but because pertussis in its early stages appears to be more like the common cold, it is often not diagnosed until the more severe symptoms appear. Pertussis can also cause violent coughing until the air is gone from the lungs. This extreme coughing can result in throwing up and exhaustion. The first pertussis vaccine was developed in the 1930s. The vaccine was in full use by the mid-1940s.

Some patients will develop pneumonia as a sequel to the measles. Other complications include ear infections, bronchitis (either viral bronchitis or secondary bacterial bronchitis), and encephalitis. Acute measles encephalitis has a mortality rate of 15%. While there is no specific treatment for measles encephalitis, antibiotics are required for bacterial pneumonia, sinusitis, and bronchitis that can follow measles.

After the bacteria are first taken into the body, there is an incubation period of between one and five days. During incubation the bacteria are very capable of infected others without the host having any knowledge of an infection. This is important in the spread of Strep. infections, which will often occur through contact between children while at school. It is no mistake that the

Whooping Cough, or Pertussis, is a highly contagious upper respiratory infection. Caused by a bacteria that latches on the Cilia of the upper respiratory system, Pertussis can last up to ten weeks with varying degrees of damage if left untreated. The infection is transmitted though contact with bodily fluids from the mouth or nose of the infected person or even from sharing a close breathing space. The early symptoms of infection can be difficult to notice at first because of how common they are with other illnesses, but late stage symptoms can be highly noticeable. More often tan not the recovery time for the infected can be quite a while and health complications are possible due to the damage done by the bacteria. Early treatment can be exteremley

Attention Getter: On January 6th, 2012, Brady Alcaide, a 6 week old baby, was admitted to the emergency room in Springfield, Massechusettes with a fever of 104 degrees. After testing negative for the flu, and ridded of his fever, Brady and his family were sent home. Three weeks later, Brady Alcaide-now only 9 weeks old-died. Brady had been a victim of pertussis, or whooping cough, which is a preventable bacterial disease that has been on the rise in recent decades. (Zimmerman, 2012)

“Epidemiology is the study of the distribution and determinants of health-related states or events (including disease), and the application of this study to the control of diseases and other health problems (WHO, 2015)”. “Various methods can be used to carry out epidemiological investigations: surveillance and descriptive studies can be used to study distribution; analytical studies are used to study determinants (WHO, 2015)”.This paper discusses about epidemiology of HIV infection, including factors that contribute the development of the disease, epidemiologic triangle, role of community health nurse and the national organization that address the communicable disease.

Epidemiology is a medical science discipline that arranges the structure for studying the distribution and determinants of health, communicable disease, and circumstances related to health status. The epidemiology research help to understand in what means a person catch diseases, the changes, and how the disease affect the population. The nurses that work with these communities to help identify the onset of communicable diseases determine new victims, the patterns it spread, the causes or preventive methods are known as community or public health nursing (Maurer, Smith, 2013). The purpose of this paper is to explain on the concepts of a communicable disease “Chickenpox” with its own unique epidemiology and nursing research to this