The Equus: Genetic Drift

What observations can you make about the genetic variation between the parent and founding populations?

According to Ms. Witsaman, evolution is not the theory of how life began, which is a common misconception nowadays, but the theory of how life has changed over time. Theories are predictions which are backed up by several evidences and supported by scientists. The evidences that scientists use now to prove include fossils, homologous structures, analogous structures, vestigial structures, embryology, biogeography, and biochemicals. Fossils are the remains of living things that once roamed the Earth. Homologous structure are structures shared by different organisms that have similar structure but different functions. Analogous structures are the opposite, they have similar functions but completely different structure.Vestigial structures are

Complete the worksheet writing 100- to 200-word short answers for each question. Format your references consistent with APA guidelines.

Most treehoppers have an expansion of the T1 (1st thoracic segment; prothorax) dorsal sclerite which has led to a number of hypothesis for it’s evolutionary novelty (Stegmann,1998). The origin of novelty is one of the major issues in biology due to its inherent definitional variability (Brigandt & Love, 2012). According to Wagner & Lynch (2010) most definitions of evolutionary novelty can be summarized into two categories based on functional and structural novelty consisting of the genetic origin of such traits. The treehopper helmet may be considered functionally novel due to its unique adaptations to the environment. Although its morphological and genetic basis of novelty remain a controversy (Heffer & Pick, 2013).

One of the main principles in which I believe unilineal evolution “reflects” the ideology of colonialism is by looking at the classification of human cultures and societies through the use of the archaeological record. During the mid-nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, many European scholars and intellectuals based their research on empirical data in order to prove their hypotheses and theories. As the European settlers colonized thought out the Americas, several European scholars are able collect archaeological remains of the indigenous societies of the Americas in order to examine the patterns of technological advancement between each indigenous society. I believe that indigenous technology and European technology are based on the

The four common forces of evolution are: mutation, natural selection, genetic drift, and gene flow. Evolution transpires when one or more of instances occur. Mutations are a random hereditary change of DNA capable of passing from the parent to the off spring within each person’s own DNA. Natural mutations occur when cells are copied and begin to divide. The Genetic drift is a random change in allele frequency from one generation to the next and will have a greater impact in smaller populations. However, the genetic flow is a separated population of species that come in contact and will begin to breed and exchange DNA but also works to decrease the variations between the two different kind’s species. Natural selection is the process that

Evolution is a change in a population and is usually seen as a slow process, but the pace of evolution can be rapid. In this lab, two of the forces of evolution was tested natural selection and genetic drift. In natural selection, 60 beans were used, 15 of each of 4 different kinds of beans. For genetic drift 48 beans were used, 12 of each of 4 different kinds of beans. The exercises was repeated up to 10 generations. Maintaining the frequency of each variety of the beans from the end of one generation to the start of the next generation the population was rebuilt to 60 beans for the natural selection exercise and 48 beans for the genetic drift. By the end of the 10th generation, changes were seen in both forces of evolution. This shows that

2) Which hypothesis of inheritance, common at Darwin's time, caused many to question the ability of natural selection to bring about adaptation in populations?

Many people think that evolution is a myth. What is your thought? I am going to tell you why it is actually not a myth. There are many reasons why evolution is true, but I am only going to use three of them. Natural selection, mutation, and geologic time.

Their experimental findings appeared to support the model of Historical contingency, contra to the Rare Mutation model, which predicts that the frequency of occurrence for a specific mutation is completely random - that is, is equally likely regardless of genetic background. Instead, what was observed was that genetic background did indeed play a role, with the likelihood of one rare phenotype increasing as “replayed” generations neared the timeframe of the original mutation (fig. 3.).

This idea was first mentioned in Darwin’s book called"On the Origin of Species" in 1859 which was over time various organisms including humans change over a period of time because of physical or behavioural traits that could change with heritage, which allow

Life is evolution. Humans continuously try to keep up with the latest trends in an attempt to remain relevant in society. In the past ten years, humans have evolved immensely with the introduction, development, and integration of technology into their culture. Virtually everything can be found on the internet. Pictures and documents are being shared through cloud storage rather than being shared directly with a physical document, and doing homework online is now the norm. People have adapted to the new age, and those who have not adapted are being left behind--this is where the theory of natural selection meets modern cognitive science. Steven Pinker, the author of How The Mind Works, argues that the concept of natural selection is not as linear as society may think it is with today’s information. There is more to evolution than straightforward “survival of the fittest”. Using his background knowledge in cognitive science and the social sciences, Pinker links the biological approach to evolution with his cognitive science approach in an attempt to generate a new perspective to the theory of evolution. Steven Pinker supports his claim that the concept of natural selection is more than a simple biological adaptation, but rather a combination between biological adaptation and an adaptation to the “cognitive niche”, with historical observations, analogical evidence, and exploitation of archaeological evidence.

Genetic drift is a natural phenomenon that occurs due to the randomness of natural breeding and reproduction within populations. Normally this occurs in smaller populations and leads to a fixation of alleles over time. Frequencies of the alleles change because of sampling error within a population and their reproduction from generation to generation. Genetic drift also tends to change populations a lot in a very quick amount of time. The amount of inbreeding and homozygotes increases in populations where genetic drift is present and the rate at which genetic drift occurs is not proportion to population size but is more common in smaller populations because there is already a smaller pool of alleles than in a larger population. Any population

Migration is one of evolutionary mechanisms that leads to movement of alleles between populations of species. Animals often migrate to find better living conditions and food sources when members of populations rose. Perhaps, human migration out of their original places to find better place to raise their offspring, to obtain better resources for their populations was due to population pressure. Therefore they ventured out to find their new home everywhere around the world. The environment and climate conditions made it possible for ancient Asian ancestors to across through the Sundaland due to the dry, lowland forest, and open vegetation, so navigated through the land bridge was durable. To trace their route to East Asia, various studies had

Another interesting thing is that the level of fitness for individuals could possibly get worse in the future. This is because our population is “stuck” and not adapting to the environments we are in. An effect of this could mean that we are not suited for the environment we are in, and we still have to evolve more so we can be more adaptive.