The Ethical And Unethical Behavior

According to LawyerShop (2012) bribery is defined as a while collar crime in which money is given in order to receive preferential treat and/or to sway decisions, views, and opinions in favor an organization.

(Wells, 2011, p. 241). Bribery can come in many different forms but generally is defined as an act in which something of value is offered, given, received or solicited with the intent of influencing an official act. Illegal gratuities can be similar to bribes except these are usually given as a reward. Economic extortion is basically the demanding of money. “A conflict of interest occurs when an employee, manager, or executive has an undisclosed economic or personal interest in a transaction that adversely affects the organization.” (Wells, 2011, p. 242). These are not all corruption schemes that exist but have been determined to be more common than others and ones that should definitely be watched for when completing an audit or a full financial status review.

Corruption schemes have differences as well as similarities. Bribery is a scheme that impacts a legal deed by proposing, providing, obtaining, or lobbying something of value to change the outcome in a favorable fashion. On the other hand commercial is similar in that something of value is offered in exchange for a certain business decision. Illegal gratuities are perks given as a reward to an employee in exchange for a decision. Most of the time illegal gratuities influence employees to make decisions not in the best interest of the organization. Economic extortion has to do with an organization or individual making a payment that will bring unwanted attention or impairment to the organization. These types of corruption schemes are very similar; however the differences exist in the conflicts of interest. Conflicts of interest occur

On one hand, it is obviously unethical to break the law and bribe but more importantly from a utilitarian perspective, this action will hurt the greater good or “stakeholders” who are the whole society. Bribing corrupt authorities will only perpetuate the corruption in those countries and once a company or individual has gone down that road it is very difficult to return. Bribery also encourages unfair competition that hurts the economy which eventually affects the whole

or not. Each country may view bribery under different societal conditions and circumstances. In most

Looking at bribes from the perspective of Pastin and Hooker (1980), prosecution of the one paying a bribe does very little to address the issue of corruption since the payer is the one subject to legislation. As long as the one demanding the bribe is not subject to prosecution, the request for bribes will not diminish and organizations will simply not

In this instance bribery involves public officials, and or employees receiving items of monetary value or cash for the purpose of influencing that individuals conduct in such a way that it benefits the giver. Bribery and other types of corruption can occur at all levels of the organization, particularly in those roles where the employee has the opportunity to influence outcomes for the public.

I have worked in municipal for the majority of my career. I worked as a consultant in the private sector for almost five years before accepting another position in city government in another state. My career exposed me to ethical behavior, both good and bad, in the workplace, I also was able to view firsthand, deviant workplace behavior. My experience with both concepts came during my previous career in city government. After thirty years in city government, I had the misfortune to have my career be manipulated by the unethical behavior by an executive director in conjunction with deviant workplace behavior by my subordinates.

I've expressed elsewhere that ethics is fundamentally the objectification of one's sentiments onto objects. To provide a brief summation, outside influences provoke a emotional reaction in ourselves, which leads us to project our attitudes onto the world. These attitudes then become reified onto objects as though they were objective, but in actuality it is on the basis of our sentiments. If something produces a pleasing sentiment in us, then we tend to have a magnetic desire towards it. Likewise, a displeasing feeling makes us repulsed. On this basis, we tend to declare something as good if and only if it produces a sentiment of approbation in ourselves or in others. Thus, ethical statements are comparable to statements about colors which exist only in the mind.

A bribe is to persuade someone to act in one's favor, typically illegally or dishonestly, by a gift of money or other inducements. Many companies have been accused of bribery within their organization. Some of America's most well-known companies have been accused of this crime. Famous brands we all know such as Johnson & Johnson, Hewlett-Packard, Tyson Foods, Ralph Lauren, Wal-Mart and many more have all allegedly been responsible for giving money or other benefits in exchange for favors that will bend the law. “Today, corruption costs the global economy some $2.6 trillion every year, or 5 percent of global GDP”, according to the World Economic Forum. In the United States, stricter enforcement has increased and more companies have been caught;

Bribery - The giving, offering, receiving or asking of anything of value to influence and official action.

On any given day, if you were to tune into a news channel or browse the internet, there would be a good chance that a story of corruption would be uncovered. Corruption has been taking place since the beginning of time (literally). Some would say that is customary, and many would even argue that it is inevitable. In the book, ¬Global Corruption: Money, Power and Ethics in the Modern World, Laurence Cockcroft attempts to identify and educate others on the ethical (or unethical) dilemmas that many individuals, companies, and/or governments are facing throughout the world. Global Corruption provides the reader incredible insight into a wide array of instances of corruption. Mr. Cockcroft begins by giving the reader a brief overview of what defines corruption, along with several examples of corruption that has occurred throughout the globe. Then the author transitions into why corruption occurs by identifying the common drivers of unethical behavior, and concludes the book by offering some analysis on what measures need to be taken in order to fight global corruption.

Corruption and Schemes are plentiful and any company should be aware of them, some schemes that may be a potential threat to a company are; economic extortion, bribery, and conflicts of interest. Economic extortion scheme is enacted when an employee of a company demands payment from a vendor in order to make or influence a decision in the

Ethical people according to Cramwinckel et al. (2013, p.93) are supposed not only to conduct themselves in an ethical manner but also in promoting ethical behaviour by punishing unethical behaviour and rewarding ethical behaviour. In truth, people in government sometimes reward behaviours that are unethical. This essay focuses on the concept of ‘Dirty Hands’, which normally occurs in public administration, especially amongst political leaders who transgress to serve the interest of the public. Still, ‘dirty hand’ concept has been debated extensively in the literature with the objective of establishing whether the ends justify means. Through the terrorism rhetoric and under the pretence of security threats, both the democratic law process and the constitutional limits concept are under attack. Proponents of unilateral public administration action believe that in extreme circumstances, the statutory limitations could be overlooked so as to realise the greater public good. Therefore, getting hands dirty through actions such as privacy invasion, imprisonment without trial, and torture can be justified if the objective is to protect the public interest. Moreover, advocates of dirty hands theory defend the unconstitutional action in emergency and extreme situations, and they still utilise this precedent in justifying and illegal activities for non-emergency policy believed to be in the good interest of the public. This essay seeks to determine whether people in government are

Unethical practices by organizations in the oil sector are frequently increasing as the pressure to compete and succeed compels them to ignore the ethical and moral aspects of their practices and decision-making. In order to maximize value for its shareholders and gain profitability, some oil companies willfully engage in unethical practices. Companies like Halliburton and Shell have made the headlines of many newspapers due to the unethical practices they engaged in. In May 2003, Halliburton revealed in SEC filings that its KBR subsidiary had paid a Nigerian official $2.4 million in bribes in order to receive favorable tax treatment. Shell is also a name that is already infamous with many activists and over time they