The Ethical Issues And The Limitations Of The Data Collection Tools And Data Analysis

There are both strengths and weaknesses to the design and methods section. The use of the qualitative paradigm and the methodology was appropriate for the research purpose. The audio recording and transcription, coupled with dedication to ethics created further validity for this study. This article could have been enriched by providing information about the sources of funding or grants that the researchers received.

In this paper I will analyze two articles, one is quantitative and the other is qualitative. I will describe the quantitative methods used including the research question addressed, the hypothesis, and variables. I will identify the population and sample. I will discuss the reliability and validity of the instruments used. I will then discuss the design of the article and how the findings were analyzed. For the qualitative article, I will identify the design of the article, the methods used and the strategies used for analyzing the data. Lastly, I will look at the implications for practice in the qualitative article, discuss other journals that might be interested in publishing the article and discuss how this article might

(Vandiver, 2008). In my opinion, the research goal was explained pretty vaguely which could be the reason only nine respondents volunteered to participate in the interviews. “The cover letter for a mailed questionnaire and the introductory statement read by interviewers in telephone or in- person interviews are critical to the survey’s success”. (Bachman & Schutt, 2004 p.213). The mailed letter in this case lacked the characteristics of credibility, personalization, interest, and responsibility. After experiencing much negative stigma from their offenses, the respondent most likely would not have agreed to take part in the research without being informed of some sense of confidentiality they would receive. Personalization of the letter to each offender and credibility of the researcher would have possibly struck interest in the respondent and in return they may be inclined to participate. The reason for research could have been a bit more detailed and could have focused on the fact that the researcher wants to know the effects on the offender after being registered, putting the offenders best interest at hand may have persuaded them to take part in the research. ‘Without a personalized approach, the rate of response will be lower, and answers will be less thoughtful and potentially less valid’.

The methodology was described with the data collection method. Quantitative and qualitative questionnaire which consisted of closed questions with a choice of fixed answers and free text to enhance qualitative data were sent out in the form of mailshot, followed by telephone call to non-respondents and it was repeated for more wider sample results to gain more evidence to reduce bias (Parahoo, 2006).

This study used a quantitative methodology of data collecting to answer the research questions. The specific research questions studied included the following:

The specific inclusion criteria for program enrollment included (a) offenders who reported for Level 2 or 3 probation, (b) had a recommendation or mandate for substance abuse screening in their sentencing order or had a substance abuse screen ordered by the PO at intake, (c) had a probation duration of 6 months or longer, (d) were age 18 years or older, (e) spoke English, and (f) failed their initial urinalysis. Exclusion criteria were (a) diagnosed current and known DSM-IV-R psychotic disorder, (b) current conviction for sex offense (specialized caseload), (c) evidence of neuropsychological dysfunction, (d) life expectancy of less than 6 months, and (e) probation or parole requirements that prevented protocol participation. The final sample

This article discuss assessing sex offenders but not all of the participants did a written consent. The authors did not collaborate on ethnics, which is used at all times. If a offender is locked up and does not sign a consent form stating that they understand the study and the purpose of the study than it is

Victim Surveys have also been instrumental in identifying the offender population. On many victim surveys, respondents are usually asked

· The research design for this study was qualitative. The information gathered was collected through the use of interviews and surveys. It is a qualitative research study because it “does not introduce treatments or manipulate variables, or impose the researcher’s operational definitions of variables on the participants” (PPA n/d). I was additionally directed at getting a better comprehension of the subject through first hand, truthful reporting.

The research method I chose for this study is qualitative semi-structured interview. Qualitative approaches are often used for exploratory and descriptive studies (Neuman, 2007), which suit the objective of this research. Semi-structured interviews compared to rigid structured interview, allows for a more focused, detailed and two-way communication. Detailed data is very helpful for the inductive nature of this study where data is gathered and examined prior to developing a theory(Seidel, 1998). Compared to focus group, it presented a challenge in terms of data recoding and organization, one-on-one interviews are easier to manage.

When looking for a sample for a research project one must be sure that it is going to provide us with the answers to the questions we are looking to answer and it represents the sample that was in mind (Yegidis et al., 2012, p. 210). In the sex trafficking study, the researchers had obtained their participants by selecting 179 survivors of young ladies who had performed the act of sex trafficking. The ladies were selected from a pool of women who had been adjudicated between 1990-2011 (Hargreaves-Cormany & Patterson, 2016, p. 34). After reading the who research study I do feel that the sample size was effective and it gave the results that the researchers were looking for. The authors did not offer any justification for the sample size that was selected.

This research method will be qualitative. This research will include face to face or phone interviews, data from websites, and peer-reviewed literature to identify:

From an initial population of 75, only 22 of the newspaper ad responders were selected. The ad offered to pay the participants $15 per day to participate in the "prison life" study (Zimbardo, 1973). Prior to selection, respondents supplied information in regards to their health, family and criminal backgrounds. Finally, the best 24 were selected to play their part in science as role-players! Two of these, unfortunately, would be extras in case a situation occurred resulting in the termination of other role-players; one of these two would quit while the other was not used.

Qualitative and Quantitative study designs both can be beneficial in research design. They both provide valuable options for researchers in the field. These techniques can either be used separately in a research study or they can be combined to achieve maximum information. This paper will define the terms qualitative and quantitative; describe the similarities and differences between each; discuss how qualitative and/or quantitative research designs or techniques could be used in the evaluation of my proposed research; and discuss why linking analysis to study design is important.

Along with doing research from peer-reviewed academic resources, this section specifies the participants and procedures of the survey and the planned analyses for answering research questions and testing hypotheses. To review the questionnaire used for this study, see Appendix.