The Ethical Standards Of Modern Psychology

Ethical Guidelines that are Broken in Milgram's Study on Obedience The ethical guidelines suggest that debriefing the participants after the experiment is essential, which Milgram has done it thoroughly in order to reveal the aim and the true purpose of his study. Although he did not expect the out come of his research, but his ethics shows that the research is beneficial of understanding the welfare of World War II.

Canary Landis was a psychologist who graduated and experimented at the University of Minnesota. He began to experiment different humans facial expressions in 1924. He believed different situations caused different facial expressions and that these expressions were universal. He had students of the University of Minnesota be his subjects. He made the subjects smell ammonia, watch pornography, put their hand in a bucket of frogs, behead a rat, and a few other things. He thought that watching porn would lead to excitement, putting a hand in a bucket of frogs would show shock, and beheading a rat would show disgust. The subjects were unaware that they would be required to decapitate a rat.

If one was to ask the question, “What do ethics mean to you?” These responses would be likely to follow. “Ethics is what my feelings tell me is right or wrong.” “Ethics have to do with my religious beliefs.” “Being ethical means following the laws.” Those replies would be expected. Many do relate ethics with their feelings, but it is not a matter of following feelings. In fact, we will often times stray from living ethically if we were guided by our feelings. Although religions urge high ethical standards, if ethics were limited to religion, ethics would only apply to religious people. Following the law is not the same as being ethical. Ethical standards may be incorporated in the law, but laws, won’t always conform to

When individuals disregard their freedom for the good of the whole, they are no longer considered individuals but products of conformity. Stanley Milgram, a Yale psychologist, engineered an experiment to test the ordinary person’s level of obedience. Many of Milgram’s colleagues admired his intricate experiment, and thought that he provided valid information on the complexity of obedience. One of his colleagues, Diana Baumrind, however, strongly disagreed with Milgram and has good reasons to criticize his experiment. She thought his experiment was unethical and very harmful to the social well-being of the participants. In her article, “Review of Stanley Milgram’s Experiments on Obedience”, she castigated Milgram’s experiment and provided

Stanley Milgram’s obedience study is known as the most famous study ever conducted. Milgram, a psychologist at Yale University, conducted an experiment that focused on the conflict between personal conscience and compliance to command. This experiment was conducted in 1961, a year following the court case of Adolf Eichmann in Jerusalem. Milgram formulated the study to answer the question “Could it be that Eichmann and his million accomplices in the Holocaust were just following orders? Could we call them all accomplices?” (Milgram, 1974). The investigation was to see whether Germans were specially obedient, under the circumstances, to dominant figures. This was a frequently said explanation for the Nazi killings in World War II.

Industrial psychology, also known as the psychology of work is the study of human behaviour within the work environment. The goal in the field of Industrial psychology is to create a stable working environment that will enable and stimulate worker’s performance, effectiveness and to help them adapt and develop in the work environment. As it is not always easy to create a stable working environment industrial psychologist and the ‘people management’ face numerous critical challenges within organisations. Therefore, the objective of this research was to highlight the challenges facing the field of industrial psychology in the next decade. Firstly, by discussing the challenges caused by globalisation. Secondly, by discussing the impact and responsibility of business ethics in industrial psychology. Thirdly, the effect

Each of the two experiments carried out by Milgram and Zimbardo had questionable ethics in their procedure. Ethics is defined as “Moral principles that govern a person’s behaviour or the conducting of an activity” (Oxford Dictionaries, 2016). In psychology, ethics are moral guidelines when conducting social experiments such as these, so that the dignity of each participant is respected and preserved. This piece of work will evaluate the perceived ethics in Milgram’s experiment of human obedience to authority figures, and Zimbardo’s experiment of conformity to roles, and also provide an overall conclusion on whether or not these studies were ethical.

The ethics of the study were however called into question (Banyard, 2012). One protestors among many was Diana Baumrind (Banyard, 2012). Baumrind (1964) argued whether the ‘welfare of the participants’ was considered Banyard (2012, p.79). Baumrind (1964) further criticised the experiment for the damage it could do the public’s perception of psychology (Banyard, 2012). In Milgram’s (1963) defence, he was not ignorant of the potential harm caused to participants, (Banyard, 2012). In fact, he was

In her article, “Review of Stanley Milgram’s Experiments on Obedience”, psychologist Diana Baumrind criticizes Stanley Milgram’s experiments on obedience to authority, stating that not only were Milgram’s experiments unethical but so was the scientist himself, claiming that he did not take appropriate measures to properly ensure his subject’s wellbeing post-experiment and therefore, experiments such as these should not be repeated. Baumrind does address an important point in her review and that is the responsibility of psychologists to ensure that their subjects are treated fairly and ethically but this is overshadowed by the fact that Baumrind’s argument is one rooted in pathos with little evidence to support her claims while being

In today’s psychology profession, a therapist and even the client can cross many boundaries if immediate boundaries are not put into place during the initial visit. Some boundaries that are crossed are not a problem at first and then the problem progresses. Leonard L. Glass called these, “the gray areas of boundary crossing and violation” (429). However, there is further description, “Boundary issues mostly refer to the therapist's self-disclosure, touch, an exchange of gifts, bartering and fees, length and location of sessions and contact outside the office” (Guthiel & Gabbard). This statement by Thomas G. Gutheil, M.D. & Glen O. Gabbard, M.D explains the meaning of boundary

Select two complaints presented in the Grenyer & Lewis article (see Table 1) and explain the ramifications of these violations applying the APA’s Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct to each situation.

Throughout history there are many examples of humans conducting experiments on other humans. Over the years human experimentation has greatly advanced the knowledge of human physiology and psychology, leading to better treatments for ailments both physical and mental as well as a better overall understanding of the human constitution. Despite all of the good which human experimentation has done for the human race there have been times when experimenters have taken human experimentation past the bounds of morality. This unethical human experimentation is most often caused when the experimenters are, in some way, able to justify their experiments.

After reading through the NASP Principles for Professional Ethics I believe the school psychologist was acting ethically. The two Principles I referred to when deciding whether she acting ethically or unethically was Principle III.3.1. and II.2. The school psychologist is concerned about maintaining good working relationships with other professionals, and according to principle III.3.1., school psychologists should respect other professionals to best meet the needs of children, and cooperate with other professionals based on mutual respect. While the school psychologist worries that interventions were not implemented with fidelity, it could be argued that if the school psychologist advocated for the opposite of the popular

The American Psychological Association is the leading scientific and professional organization representing psychology in the United States of America. The mission of the organization is to advance the creation, communication, and application of psychology in order to benefit society. According to the Ethics Code of Conduct (2010), psychologists must not base their assessments on opinions contained in their recommendations, reports and diagnostic or evaluative statements. This information informs us that bias information should not be used in assessment. Bias information includes psychological tests that marginalize individuals or groups.

Is a psychological test justified only if it brings back valuable results? Your brain is made up of “86 billion neurons, 400 miles of capillaries, 100,00 miles of axons, and 10 trillion synapses” (Southtree.com,1), making it the most complex organ in the human body, with it being responsible for our every thought, action, memory, feeling and experience of the world. However, despite it being immensely powerful and essential to human life, it’s also extremely vulnerable and can be easily conditioned/manipulated. For over two centuries, humans have been performing unethical psychological tests on unsuspecting victims (children, prisoners, etc.) in the name of “scientific research”. Though these studies have resulted in somewhat valuable results, the overall damage that they have caused is immeasurable.