The Ethics Of The Criminal Justice System

Individuals today lie about hundred times a day, maybe more. Lying is a normal thing in the human mind—but why is it a normal thing. In fact, every individual's conversation they lie about themselves (Meyers). However, Justin Bariso an FBI agent article title “An FBI Agent's 8 Ways to Spot a Liar” introduced that lying is an easy thing to spot, and Justin discuss how there are ways to spot a liar. Bariso states that a liar would ¨open up,¨ and ¨talk quickly,¨ and ¨be repetitive.¨ Lying is a an action because the individual´s embarrassed about the individual's life; therefore, lying can make people protect other from feelings. In the lives of individuals, there are reasons why people lie. Pamela Meyer, in 2011 TED Talk tilted, “How to Spot

. For up to 90 years, arousal is another method of lie detection, which attempts to identify lying through nonverbal cues to deception (e.g. electrodermal activity, heart rate, movement) (DePaulo et al., 2003; Vrij, 2008). The underlying theory is that the act of lying increases anxiety and nervousness levels (Zuckerman et al., 1981; Vrij, Fisher, Mann, & Leal, 2006), which may be reflected in physiological cues to anxiety or behavioural activity related to nervousness (Vrij, 2014). For example, previous research has found that in comparison with truth-tellers, liars display increased heart rate and increased skin response (Vrij et al., 2014) and decreased movement (Sporer & Schwandt, 2007). The polygraph is perhaps the best known investigative

• Integrity: each police officer is presumed to do the right thing, at all times, regardless of the matter at hand, those involved and any other influences. Officers are held to a higher lever of integrity and expected to perform above all else, at all times (Baker, 2011).

In order to answer this scenario, I need to look at the underlying ethical system and the moral rules leading to my judgment. As in many scenarios, there are conflicting moral rules that could justify different judgments. While police officers are supposed to enforce laws, they are also primarily expected to protect life and property (Nakate, 2011). Public safety is the primary concern of police officers. Therefore, unless a law involves mandatory reporting, then an officer is expected to exercise some discretion involving those laws. The theory behind requiring permits in order to hold a rally is that some rallies can lead to dangers for the public. Therefore, in this scenario, I would have to determine whether there was a reasonable likelihood that the rally might become violent. It is important to realize that even if the sponsoring group would not advocate violence, any rally about a controversial issue has the ability to become violent. Whether or not the tipster is providing accurate information is not of critical importance, because planning to hold a rally without a permit is not illegal; holding a rally without a permit is not illegal. As a police officer, I could ethically respond to the tip by going to the head of the group and ask if they were planning to hold a rally the next day and remind him of the permit requirement. I could do this without neglecting my

Once introduced as evidence, a confession causes a negative chain reaction in the justice system and law enforcers and justice officials often include their biases in their judgment, which leads to justice miscarriage. The process of false confession starts with the law enforcement officials (Leo & Davis, 2011). According to Kassin, Meissner, and ReNorwick (2005), investigators have a high confidence in knowing a true confession but their accuracy is the same as that of the public. The investigators do not see deception but rather they infer

However, although this suggests that human lie detection is fairly accurate, earlier research has found the opposite. According to Wallace (1999), psychological research on deception shows that most of us are poor judges of truthfulness. One may assume that this only applies to only ordinary people and not professionals. However further research shows that ‘this applies to professionals such as police and custom inspectors, whose jobs are supposed to include some expertise at lie detection’ (Wallace, 1999).

No matter what job you have in the criminal justice system there will always be ethical dilemmas that arise. As a person who’s job is to enforce the law there is always a way to step over the boundaries whether it be unfair treatment to citizens, inmates or agencies. There is always areas of the career to consider and in order to make everyone happy there are steps that need to be taken. From the police officer on the street to the parole board there is always something that could come up which could have consequences for either decision so which is the right one?

Every time an innocent person is exonerated based on DNA testing, law enforcement agencies look at what caused the wrongful convictions. There are many issues that contribute to putting guiltless lives behind bars including: eyewitness misidentification, false confessions, imperfect forensic science, and more (Gould and Leo 18). When a witness is taken into a police station to identify a suspect, it is easy for their memories to be blurred and their judgment influenced. This can lead the witness to identify a suspect who is actually innocent. Flawed forensic science practice also contributes to wrongful imprisonments. In the past, analysts have been inaccurate due to carelessness, testified in court presenting evidence that was not based

Polygraph- an electronic instrument Taft records physiological arousal from multiple channels, it is often used as a kid detector the signals are kicked oh by denies attached to different parts of the body. Rubber tubes are strapped around a suspects torso to measure breathing, blood pressure cuffs are wrapped around the upper arm do measure pulse rate abs electrodes ads places on fingertips to record sweat-gland activity or perspiration these signals are send by amplifies and can be seen usually it's to detect deception. But not full-proof sometimes truthful people fail the test and people who understand the test can fake the

In order to maintain the rights of its citizens, our Country established the Miranda system in order to protect the rights of individuals who go through the Criminal Justice System. Prior to the Miranda system, individuals did not receive a fair trial considering that some were forced to plead guilty for a crime that they did not commit. It wasn’t until 1964 that the Supreme Court realized that the accused rights should be protected during an interrogation. Miranda was a step forward in order to protect our rights as citizens, and has evolved over time in order to prevent an unlawful confession.

KOCO 5 News, an ABC affiliate located in Oklahoma City, aired a segment aimed at helping average people spot lies based on several physiological criteria (KOCO 5 News, 2008). The newscasters begin the segment by claiming that everyday people can easily detect lies by watching for several things. The newscasters introduce Bill Brown, a retired FBI agent and polygraph examiner, who claims that he can tell when people are lying without the use of technological assistance. Brown interviews and questions several individuals in order to show the effectiveness of his lie detecting techniques.

A polygraph is a diagnostic instrument that records physiological changes in a person caused by stress. It relies upon measuring the body's involuntary responses which occur when the subject is consciously being deceptive or untruthful when answering questions. This instrument was first invented in 1921 by John Augustus Larson and ever since law-enforcement agencies have began using them in their hiring processes. In addition, polygraph test are admissible in certain states and in federal court at the discretion of the trial judge. States like California, Arizona, Nevada, Georgia, and Florida allow the tests if everyone stipulates to their use and agrees to admit the results

Generally, prostitutes are arrested for soliciting sexual endeavors for a financial benefit. Society perceives sex trafficking victims as prostitutes and believes that the victim makes a conscious choice to prostitute. Victims go to jail or prison, and then are often released back into society with no help, protection, or formal education. These factors may increase the chance that the victim will not only reoffend, but also continued to be sexually exploited, raped, infected, beaten, or both mentally and physically abused (Rand, 2009).

There are also considerable differences between in a fake facial expression and a genuine one. The current study therefore sets out to predict that people who were accurate at detecting lies would use more nonverbal clues compared to those who ere inaccurate, they would also be more accurate at detecting micro-expressions. 509 people participated in the study and were then categorised into 7 prominent groups based on their profession. The groups included US secret service, federal polygraphers, judges, police, psychiatrists, special interest groups and undergraduate students.

The polygraph test is one of the most controversial criminal investigative techniques of all-time. From the initial years of the invention to today, there is not a consensus about the investigative tool. That is why there are many people for and against the administration of polygraph tests. Therefore, in order to develop a clear picture of the polygraph test the history of the test must be established. Although, there are many sources that have well documented concerns about the invention, the polygraph test is still around after almost 80 years.