Fate is debatable. Some say that we are all pawns in a higher being’s chess game. Others believe that we execute free will in every aspect of our lives. Most people, however, believe a combination of the two. It is an age old question, and like all intangible questions we try again and again to formulate an answer through books, movies, conversations, analysis of history and prediction of the future. We look at snapshots of the past or theoretical worlds and try to discern our own answers. When Katherine Switzer decided to register for and run the Boston Marathon in 1967, was it an action of her own will or was it predestined? Did the events preceding her decision cause her to make said decision? Was Katherine always going to run …show more content…
While the athletes recognized it was time for women to join the sport, others had vastly different opinions.
During the Boston Marathon, there is a section for photographers to take shots of the athletes. It just so happened that this was where Jock Semple tried to throw Katherine out of the race. Unluckily for him however, Katherine’s boyfriend at the time, Tom Miller, an All-American footballer, was running the marathon with her and tackled Jock. If she had not made the decision to date Tom Miller, she most likely would have been physically thrown out of the race and never have finished. This whole scene took place right in front of the photographers and the photo of Semple trying to throw Switzer out is now rather famous and served as huge publicity for women in sports at the time (Makers). In order for Switzer to have made as big of a splash as she did, so many smaller details had to fall into place. For starters, Katherine’s father was a major in the United States Army, this set her up to lead a physically active life. Additionally she went to a school with an open and supportive cross country coach. Without that coach, it is questionable as whether she would have registered for, or even have run the marathon! Lastly, if Jock Semple had not tried to physically remove her from the race in front of the photographers, the iconic photo that changed the face of women in sports might
Why did the women have to go to foreign countries? Why weren't they allotted the same promise of a career as the male athletes graduating from college? Why were women expected to give there all in collegiate sports just for the fun of it, while male athletes used it as an opportunity to build a portfolio for going on to becoming a professional athlete? It did not seem fare, and just made no sense.
Traditionally women were viewed as equipped to participate in sports, and their involvement was viewed as unfeminine and undesirable. This Article Examples the women were viewed as unfeminine to the sports that men play and undesirable. Young girls who are given an early opportunity to participate in sports may be more prepared for the male in classrooms. Even though women have often been relegated to second-hand citizenship in the same socializing, integration, statues, and recognition that benefit male athletes. (By; Sandra L. Hanson)
This section will outline how, throughout history, the role of Women in Society that has been reflected in the role of Women in Sport.
Before we told our daughters that they could be anyone, or anything they wanted to be, we told them that they could only be what was acceptable for women to be, and that they could only do things that were considered "ladylike." It was at this time, when the nation was frenzied with the business of war, that the women of the All-American Girls Professional Baseball League decided that they could do and be whatever it was that they chose. These women broke free of the limitations that their family and society had set for them, and publicly broke into what had been an exclusively male sport up until that time.
The main form of competition for women largely consisted of intramurals hosted by their university. In 1966, the DGWS appointed a Commission on Intercollegiate Sports for Women (CISW) to assist in conducting intercollegiate competitions. In 1967, it was renamed the Commission on Intercollegiate Athletics for Women (CIAW). (Bell, History Prior to Title IX). The C.I.A.W. was the first main governing body established for women’s intercollegiate athletics. With the establishment of this governing body, for the first time, women have the opportunity to compete against other universities instead of the members of their own school. The main problem that many women’s programs struggled with was funding for the expenses of their team. Majority of the athletic revenue went to men’s sports with football taking the majority of the revenue. This all plays into the Civil Rights movement our country was experiencing at the
Therefore, the country’s legislators felt that America was better than that and decided to form a law that would reflect the gender diversity of the American people. This led to the Title IX which aimed at abolishing discrimination based on sex in the system of education in America. Formation of the Act saw some girls participating in athletes grow from 16,000 in 1970 to 200,000 in 2012 (Brake 2). The participation in health, socioeconomic activities were some of the gains realized with the enactment of the statute. These benefits derived from the acts are well documented to serve as an example to the many regarding the few whose stories are told. It is hard to watch women Olympics without hearing commentators mentioning the successes of Title IX and the positive impact it has brought to American women and the entire world. Even though this law was formed to give women more power in participatory athletics, women coaches are yet to get a grip on athletics.
Black women track athletes were also confined to popular notions of female sexuality. Cleveland Abbot, the formidable Athletic Director of the Tuskegee women's track program said in the documentary "Dare to Compete," a documentary film on the history of women sports, that he wanted "foxes not oxes." Black women athletes had to look attractive as well as be good athletes, unlike their male counterparts who just had to concentrate on bringing home the trophy. However, although black women had to concentrate on being attractive, the standards that dictate black female sexuality are different in different arenas and in comparison to different groups. Black "femininity" has never been given the same credence as white "femininity," and perhaps mainstream preoccupation with racial stereotypes of black athletic prowess superceded the perception of black women's sexuality. In other words, black women track athletes were probably seen as more "athletic" than the average (i.e. white) woman, and therefore, their femininity was discounted as irrelevant. Moreover, track, like many other sports at this time was seen as a masculine sport. During the thirties and forties, women's track was virtually ignored. Black women, throughout US history, were not sexualized in the same way
The western United States has always been associated with masculinity, especially during the late 19th century and early 20th century. From the mining operations to harsh winters in the mountains, it is mostly men out on the west. Since the west was not as organized and stable as it is today, it was general consensus that only me could handle these conditions. Due to the lack of credit given to women during this era, I found it appropriate to choose a woman of impact to Colorado. This woman specialized in the field of philanthropy. She did many things for the state of Colorado. In 1987 she was inducted to the Women’s Hall of fame as a result of her work during the late 1800s. this woman is proof that woman can have just as much impact as a man. Not only was she a woman, but a Jewish woman. She was part of a minority. One would think these two factors would bring her impact to a halt; that was not the case.
Industries and companies supported sports teams for women. They did this to promote personal health and worker efficiency. These teams brought advertising opportunities for the companies who supported them. This offered competitive opportunities for women and occasional income for the athletes
There has been a change in the way certain gender sports were viewed when women/men attempted to challenge the boundaries. Gymnastics for example began as an all-male sport. It was believed that women did not have the build nor strength to compete in this sport. In 1928 were women allowed to compete in the Olympics in
The sports world has been a new area where women are recognized. In previous times women’s sports were almost non-existent. In schools many girl teams did not receive adequate funds for uniforms and equipment. Boys sports were much more popular, such as football or basketball. If a girl wanted to play a guy sport she would be labeled as a
Sexism limits our country. In a world where sexism still exists, women face challenges every day as they choose to embark in athletic activities. Even with the efforts of Title IX, which was established in 1972, there is not equality in sports for men and women. Sexism is real with stereotypes and discrimination on the basis of sex. Even with the high level of success reached by numerous female athletes of many different sports, male athletes always seem to have the upper hand. Whether it is pay, media, support, gear, or playing grounds, one sex always has the better of the two. Male athletes dominate a field that truly is shared by both sexes. What if we treated male athletes the way we treat female athletes? That is a world hard to imagine, and honestly, it shouldn't be. Through female athletes sharing their stories of unfair treatment and pay, sexism and generations of inequality in sports can be overcome.
This led to the formation of organizations like the national committee on Women’s Sports, to provide rules and standards for athletic participation for women and girls. The AAU, Amateur Athletic Union, which was under the control of men, took control over women’s athletics. This stirred up conflict amongst physical educators and other leaders like, Lou Henry Hoover, Blanche Thrilling, and Agnes Wayman who opposed the AAU control and wanted women to govern the organization not men. They were against it because “ only women could understand the psychological, motivational, and physiological need for women.” (Costa & Guthrie, 91)
The adverse topic of women in sports stems from society's disregard to viewing women as persons. Women were, and in other parts of the world continue to be viewed as property of men and have no significant role in society. Being allowed into the Olympics was a step in the right direction for women across the world, but it was meager attempt equality. Women were still restricted by what events they were allowed to compete in, how they were trained and coached and even limited as to what they could wear. A woman’s femininity played a large role in the way they were perceived by society; weak. Women were seen as incommensurate to men and it was something that has taken us centuries to reverse. Today, women are given the rights we should have
Since the beginning of this century women like Babe Didrickson and Billy Jean King have brought female athletes into mainstream acceptance. In earlier times women had not only not been encouraged to be physical it was thought to be harmful for