Thus far, I have learned that Depression is a serious illness that affects a person’s interpersonal and occupational functioning which includes working, eating, sleeping, studying, or enjoying friends and activities. On occasion, everyone has feelings of sadness, being down, or feeling “blue”; however, depression is marked by chronic lack of functioning on a daily basis with no resolve. For this paper, I will thoroughly examine the etiology, prevalence rates, and symptoms of Major Depressive Disorder. In addition, I will explore Cognitive Behavior Therapy and Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for treating MDD. By examining the findings of CBT and MBCT studies for treating MDD, I can be more knowledgeable and better prepared for treating clients with MDD in the future. Thus far I have learned that the causes of depression have not been specifically pinpointed, however, it is said that depression has genetic and environmental variants. MDD can occur at any age, however, studies have shown that incidents tends to peek in the early 20’s (APA, 2013). Depression, suicide ideation, self-injury, and Borderline Personality Disorder re significant problems amongst young college studies, which proves the notion that MDD peeks in the adolescent years (Pistorello, Fruzzetti, MacLane, Gallop, & Iverson, 2012). The prevalence rates for MDD are that a 12 month prevalence of the disorder in the US is at approximately 7&. In addition there are significant differences by age group.
Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is referred as clinical depression it is a medical condition that can affect many aspects of your life. For example, it can impact mood, behavior, physical functions such as appetite and sleep. People can feel sadness throughout life because that is what human have to experience in order to grow as someone stronger. However, this is just for short period of time and when someone has persistent and intense feeling of sadness for a long time then they may have MDD. This disorder emerges at an early age and usually in the late twenties. Nevertheless, other chronic diseases can be tied up to MDD such as anxiety, diabetes and insomnia. Therefore, using preventive measures to alter peoples condition can influence their
Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is among the most extensively tested psychotherapies for depression. Many studies have confirmed the efficacy of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) as a treatment for depression. This paper will provide background information about the intervention, address the target population, and describe program structure and key components. It will also provide examples of program implementation, challenges/barriers to implementing the practice, address how the practice supports recovery from a serious mental illness standpoint and provide a summary. Although there are several types of therapy available to treat depression and other mood disorders, CBT (cognitive behavioral therapy) has been one of the most widely
Major depressive disorder, we all have probably heard of it, but do we really know what is it is ? Major depressive disorder is “a mood disorder that causes a persistent feeling of sadness and loss of interest… major depressive disorder or clinical depression, affects how you feel, think and behave and can lead to a variety of emotional and physical problems”(Mayo Clinic Staff). Having this disorder puts you in a very unstable position because you are constantly feeling depressed so it affects the way you think and feel and that can be very dangerous. Sometimes this happens to a person for one day, but put yourself in the shoes of someone who experiencing this for more than two weeks? When you have major depressive disorder, the signs of depression disorder can last for two weeks or more(myers646). This dis order must be treated immediately because “depression may make you feel as if life isn 't worth living”(Mayo Clinic Staff). Feeling this way can lead you to doing things that you can not take back such as committing suicide and sadly that can happen when you have major depressive disorder. Kiyohara and Yoshimasu conducted a research that showed that 90% of suicides have were dealing with major depressive disorder(qtd. in The World Health Organization). Throughout this paper I will be discussing the causes, symptoms and treatment when dealing with major depressive disorder.
Mental disorder is a common term to refer people’s mental health conditions in Canada and internationally. People who have studied Hamlet, a play that’s written by William Shakespeare, know that Ophelia is one of the characters who suffer from a mental disorder, which known as major depressive disorder. At the beginning of the play, Ophelia’s mental state is very healthy, she falls in love with her boyfriend Hamlet, yet their relationship is controlled by her father. During the play, Ophelia experiences a transformation of her mindset, which causes by Hamlet. As the play closer to the end, the death of Polonius, father of Ophelia, makes Ophelia’s mental becomes more unstable, which leads her to suicide at the end. Thus, due to all the unhappy events that happen to Ophelia’s life all at once, the psychological harms slowly turn Ophelia becomes insane and eventually brings her to death.
Depression is a clinical condition associated with the normal emotions of bereavement and sadness. However, this condition does not pass on when the external causes of these emotions dissolve and is usually inconsistent to their cause. In essence, the classic severe conditions of depression have not been attributed to external precipitating cause. One of the most common conditions of depression is Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), which is a psychiatric condition that impairs moods, behavioral patterns, and thoughts for a protracted duration. This psychiatric illness tends to impair the patient’s social functioning and quality of life due to its impacts on cognitive functioning. Some of the most common symptoms of the condition include difficulty in concentration, weight change, minimal interest in pleasure, high rate of suicide, and physical impairment. The severity of this disease was evident in the year 2000 when the World Health Organization ranked it as the fourth cause of disability and premature death across the globe.
Incidence Prevalence. It is estimated that 5% of the United States (US) population (or approximately 10,000,000 Americans) are impacted by MDD making it the leading cause of disability in the US (Johnson and Vanderhoef 109). Unfortunately, 15% of MDD sufferers will commit suicide (Johnson and Vanderhoef 109). Thus, the importance of understanding MDD its role in mental health is crucial.
One disorder that really strikes a nerve with me is Major Depressive Disorder. After being incorrectly treated and misdiagnosed for several years, I have finally found relief in SNRI form, after many failed attempts with SSRI drugs.
According to the The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.; DSM–5; American Psychiatric Association [APA], 2013); Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is a medical illness that affects how you feel, think and behave producing persistent feelings of sadness and loss of interest in formerly enjoyed activities. Depression can lead to a variety of emotional and physical problems. It is a chronic illness that is usually characterized by episodes of remission and episodes of relapses. (APA, 2013) Antidepressant medications are effective in treating depression, but not all people with MDD, can attain remission for long periods of time and fewer will completely recover with antidepressants alone. According to Hollon et al. (2014)
Regarding the source and development of MDD, there are a variety of theories. Biological theories appear to be the best supported by research. Major depressive disorder has a strong possibility having a polygenetic predisposition, as well as having an origin on the X chromosome. Those who have a family member diagnosed with depression have a 30% chance of developing the disorder and the concordance rate among monozygotic twins is as high as 46% (Comer, 2015). This disorder could be the result of decreased activity in the reward system and decreased sensitivity to norepinephrine and serotonin. Other possibilities include low thyroxin, high cortisol, and a damaged immune system. These can cause aggravated and depressed moods. In a different
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a common mental health diagnosis that affects roughly 3 million people in the United States alone (National Institute). It is an illness that does not discriminate against socioeconomic class, race, gender, etc. and has a biological and environmental affect. The biological component of depression involves familial history and how genetics plays an important role in depression and can increase one’s risk of developing some form of depression during their lifetime. The environmental factors of depression are situational such as financial troubles, relationship problems, loss of a
Nearly 1 in 5 people will experience a major depressive episode at some point in their lives (Zhang, Li, Sha, & Bu, 2015). Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a widespread problem that can affect anyone regardless of gender or age. MDD is one of the most common mental illnesses (with an estimated lifetime prevalence of 16.6%) and is associated with significant impairments in social, occupational, and educational functioning (Synder, 2013). Depression causes problems in a person’s everyday life. There are various treatment models that been found to help in the treatment and cure of depression. The two most commonly used are psychotherapy and medicinal therapy. Psychotherapy comprises of cognitive behavioral therapy, interpersonal therapy,
Major depression is a psychological disorder that can affect anyone at any age. It is a mental disorder that is not well-received by many, since there are a lot of negative things that are associated with it. Some people tend to say that this disorder isn’t real, they think that the person suffering can just easily snap out of it. This leads to people being scared of having depression, so they refuse to get help for fear of alienation from their family and friends, who believe that this disorder is just an excuse that someone can use to get attention. The truth is, depression is a lot more complicated than that.
Biological and neurobiological studies have become more and more closely correlated with mental disorders throughout the past decade of scientific progress. This paper aims to expound models that have contributed to our developing understanding of the origins of Major depressive disorder (MDD) and treatment guidance, from both neurobiological and biological fields. It will also explore the implications, both positive and negative, for societal and personal integration of the knowledge that these advancements provide.
This essay is about the effectiveness of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) in the treatment of depression. The purpose of this essay is to address the question, how mindfulness works to improve mental health when used as part of psychological treatment? Firstly, a brief overview is given about what depression is and what the symptoms are, based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition (DSM-5). Secondly, It will discuss mindfulness, as it is defined in mental health treatments. The main body of this essay will cover a description of what MBTC is, where it comes from, how it works, and how this treatment is activated in mindfulness based therapies. The final section will review three studies that have used MBCT in the treatment of depression.
Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is one of the most common mental disorders globally and along with anxiety and substance abuse, it accounts for over 50% of the disability adjusted years (DALY) globally (Evaluation 2013). MDD causes persistent feeling of sadness and loss of interest that last at least 2 weeks and can affect an individual’s biological, motivational and cognitive functions.