The Etiology of Leukemia

Today I will be talking about three aspects of Leukemia; First what it is and one of the possible causes, Secondly what are the recognizable symptoms and what tests doctors use to identify leukemia in a young child. And what

In 2017, 54270 new cases of leukemia are expected to be diagnosed. In the United States, an estimated 54,270 adults and 4,884 children, adolescents and young adults under 20 were diagnosed with leukemia in 2015 (Leukemia and Lymphoma Society, 2015). The most common types of leukemia in adults are AML and CLL. ALL is very rare in adults, and is the most common type of leukemia in children (Medical News Today, 2015). Leukemia Incidences are more common in men and boys than girls and women, and also more likely to occur in white people than black. Although people of any age can get leukemia, it is most common in adults over 60 years of age. Leukemia rates peak between the ages of 2 and 5 at around 9 cases per 100,000 per year and fall to a low of around 3 per 100,000 for young adults (Health Hubs, 2016).

* According to the American Cancer Society (2013) states, “A risk factor is anything that affects your chance of getting a disease such as cancer” (American Cancer Society, 2013). “There are a few known risk factors for childhood leukemia” (American Cancer Society, 2013). According to the American Cancer Society (2013) states, “Genetic risk factors are those that are part of our DNA (the substance that makes up our genes)” (American Cancer Society, 2013). The genetic risk factor is what we get from our parents that is most of the time inherited (American Cancer Society, 2013). “Most cases of leukemia are not linked to any known genetic causes” (American Cancer Society, 2013).

Leukemia is cancerous disease that starts in blood-forming tissue such as the bone marrow and causes large numbers of blood cells to be produced and enter the blood-stream (National Cancer Institute, 2008, para. 1). It is one of many complicated cancer diseases that affect all ages and have very negative outcomes if not treated properly, and on time. Within the disease are several different types that affect according to how quickly the disease develops and attacks the body. It could be classified as chronic leukemia, which has a slow progress of getting worse or acute leukemia which usually gets worse quickly. The types of leukemia also can be grouped based on the white blood cell that is affected (National Cancer Institute , 2008, p. 1).

So Artificial ionizing radiation is one of the reasons and it's a type of energy released by atoms that travels in the form of electromagnetic waves or particles. Viruses which are infective agents. Benzene which is a colorless volatile liquid hydrocarbon present in coal tar and petroleum. Hair dyes like when you change the color of your hair. genetic predisposition. some studies researching family history and looking at twins have indicated that some people have a higher risk of developing leukemia because of a single gene or multiple genes. Down syndrome, experts say that people with down syndrome have a higher possibility of getting leukemia. “The last one is Electromagnetic energy, experts can't really prove that this is a cause, but they do say it is a slight

Thesis/argument statement OR main idea statement: Cancer affects children and their families in many ways.

Leukemia is cancer in the bone marrow and the lymphatic system and affect the body's blood-forming tissues. Leukemia usually involves white blood cells. Your white blood cells fight off infections. People with leukemia, the bone marrow produces abnormal white blood cells, which don't function properly. Scientists don't understand the exact causes of leukemia. It is believed to develop from a combination of genetic and environmental factors. In general, leukemia is thought to occur when blood cells acquire mutations in their DNA. The CD34 phenotype. Certain abnormalities

Each year there is an estimated 31,000 new diagnosis of leukemia (Gould & Dyer, 2011). Leukemia is a cancer of the white blood cells. Bone marrow the spongy tissue inside the bone is where the blood cells are made (The Leukemia & Lymphoma Society). Normal white blood cells fight infections in our bodies. In leukemia, the bone marrow is making abnormal white blood cells. The two main types of white blood cells that leukemia affects are; lymphocytes and myeloid cells (The Leukemia & Lymphoma Society). Lymphoblasts are the young cell that will develop into lymphocytes (The Leukemia & Lymphoma Society). They are classified as B- lymphocytes and T-lymphocytes (The Leukemia & Lymphoma Society). B-lymphocytes make antibodies that fight infections (The Leukemia & Lymphoma Society). The T-lymphocytes have many functions, but primarily assist the B-lymphocytes in making antibodies (The Leukemia & Lymphoma Society). The myeloid, or granulocytes cells, evolve from the immature myeloblasts to become infection fighting cells. Leukemia makes abnormal cells that grow at a quicker rate than normal white blood cells. Leukemia cells do not stop growing, and do not work like normal white blood cells. Over time these abnormal cells start crowding and blocking the production of red blood cells, platelets and normal white blood cells (The Leukemia & Lymphoma Society).

Leukemia is a cancer that affects the bone marrow. The bon marrow is the soft spongy center of the bone that produces blood cells. Leukemia is found in white blood cells or leukocytes. The white blood cells help to fight ff infections and other diseases. Normally, cells produce in an orderly way, but people that have leukemia the cell production gets out of control. The marrow produces too many immature white blood cells called blasts. They are differently shaped and can’t carry out their usual duties.

Overall, however, childhood leukemia is a rare disease. About 3 out of 4 leukemia among children and teens are Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia. Most of the remaining cases are Myelogenous Leukemia. ALL is most common in early childhood, peaking between 2 and 4 years of age. Cases of AML are more spread out across the childhood years, but this type of Leukemia is slightly more common during the first 2 years of life and during the teenage years. ALL is slightly more common among Hispanic and white children than among African-American and Asian-American children, and it is more common in boys than in girls. Chronic Leukemia is rare in children, though. Most of these are Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia, which tends to occur more in teens than in younger children. Juvenile Myelomonocytic Leukemia usually occurs in young children, with an average age of about 2. But digressing to Acute Myeloid Leukemia, the overall 5-year survival rate for children with AML has increased over time, and is now in the range of 60% to 70%. However, survival rates vary depending on the subtype of AML and other factors. For example, most studies suggest that the cure rate for acute Promyelocytic Leukemia (APL), a subtype of AML, is now higher than 80%, but rates are lower for some other subtypes of AML. Unfortunately, accurate survival rates for less common forms of childhood leukemia

However, there are many suspected factors to the causes of leukemia. Artificial ionizing radiation is energy released by atoms in the act of electromagnetic waves, or particles. Most common ways people are exposed to ion radiation is through x-ray machines and other medical devices. Even low doses of this radiation can increase the risk of long term effects like cancer, and more specifically, leukemia. Another cause of leukemia would be benzene, which is a known carcinogen, and causes neurological symptoms, which can affect the bone marrow. This chemical is found in many industrial liquids such as, paints, lacquer thinners, varnishes, and gasoline. Other risk factors of leukemia include viruses like HIV, alkylating chemotherapy agents use to treat previous cancers, maternal fetal transmissions, hair dyes, and of course, smoking. There has also been signs that genetic predisposition in twins has caused people to have a higher risk of getting leukemia. Those with Down Syndrome also have a high risk due to the abnormal chromosomes in their

Leukemia is a type of cancer. Cancer is a group of more than 100 diseases that have two or more important things in common. One is that certain cells in the body become abnormal. Another is that the body keeps producing large numbers of these abnormal cells. Leukemia is cancer of the blood ce3lls. When leukemia develops the body produces large numbers of abnormal blood cells. In most types of leukemia, the abnormal blood cells and they do not

I am Gino Dettorre, and I will be a senior at Bishop Watterson High School this coming school year. Currently, I am interested in pursuing a major in biology with a minor in Spanish at either Washington University in Saint Louis, University of Pennsylvania, or Vanderbilt University. While participating in the Mechanisms of Human Health and Disease program at Children’s Hospital, I have gained a better understanding of the molecular bases of various diseases, and I am interested in applying this knowledge in a laboratory setting. I have chosen to research acute myeloid leukemia because I have known relatives and friends affected by blood cancers, and I am interested in better understanding the mechanisms of this disease.

There are two main and four specific types of leukemia. The two main types are acute leukemia, which is fast growing, and chronic leukemia, which is slow growing. The four specific types of leukemia are chronic lymphocytic (CLL), acute lymphocytic (ALL), chronic myelogenous (CML), and acute myelogenous (AML) that were discovered in 1913. About three quarters of children diagnosed with leukemia have acute lymphocytic which peaks as early as two to four years old. This cancer kills more children that are two or fifteen than anything else. To determine whether the cancer will be chronic or acute is to look at the cell lineage. The blood cell that becomes cancerous explains what type of leukemia it is. Depending on if the white cells, the red blood cells, or the platelets can determine exactly which leukemia it is. “Adults can get either type; children with leukemia most often have an acute type” (Leukemia: MedlinePlus). For a child to get a chronic leukemia is very rare. Now it is known that the cancer starts in the bone marrow, which is where blood cells are formed. Leukemia causes the body to create too many abnormal cells and these abnormal white cells cannot fight infection and also lessen the amount of red cells and platelets. Some of the risk factors of this cancer are large doses of ionizing radiation, being exposed to benzene for a long period of time, rare viruses, genetic disorders, and

Cancer, a long and difficult journey assimilated with death. Cancer, in general, is when cells begin to grow out of control and can start anywhere in the body. There are many different forms and types of cancer; scary but true. All forms of cancer is terrifying, but the most terrifying for children is Leukemia. Leukemia is the most common form of cancer in children and teens. It zones in on blood-forming cells, mainly white blood cells, in the bone marrow. This form of cancer accounts for almost one out of three cancers (Leukemia in Children). Why, in my opinion, this is the most intimidating form of cancer is because it takes the lives of the young who had so much potential and barely began to live their own lives. It takes those who are