The Eu Union Of The European Union

The European Union (EU) does not have an unlimited power to act. The limits of Union competences are governed by the principle of conferral. Under the principle of conferral, the Union shall act within the limits of the competences conferred upon it by the Member States (MS) in the Treaties. The central debate about competence is with regard to the principle that the EC operates within the confines of attributed powers tends to be obscured by an open-handed reading of the matter in practice. The Articles of EC are broadly worded, with little restrictions. For example, Article 95 EC provides the Council the power to pass directives and regulations so as to facilitate harmonization of the internal market. It is a residual provision that operates, “save where otherwise provided in this Treaty”. This could be translated as a general power of regulating the market. Also Article 308 EC empowers the Community to legislate where it is “necessary to attain, in the course of the operation of the common market, one of the objectives of the Community and this Treaty has not provided necessary powers”. These broadly framed Articles can be dangerous because it becomes impossible to have a clear conceptual outer limit to the residual provisions. In addition, subsidiarity and proportionality have not performed well as devices for restraining the political desire to exercise a competence once granted. The malady is captured by the catchphrase competence creep.

The European Union (EU), formerly known as the European Economic Community EEC was created in 1957 by the Treaty of Rome. The Treaty of Rome was vital as the aftermath of the Second World War left many countries afraid of nationalistic conflicts due to territorial ambitions of nearby countries. Furthermore, many individuals believed that by merging Western Europe by democracy and common policies, they were better equipped to stand up to the threat of Soviet Dictatorship by political integration. The United Kingdom joined the EEC in 1973 and agreed to uphold the existing laws of the EU and the law making powers of the EU.

In its historical context discuss why and how the EU was set up and the advantages and disadvantages of membership.

The European Union (EU) is an economical and political union of nations, established in 1993,

One of the main objectives of the European Union (EU) is the establishment of the internal market, which shall consist of “area without internal frontiers in which the free movement of goods, persons, services and capital is ensured. The internal market is based upon a customs union achieved through the abolition of the imposition of customs duties and charges having an equivalent effect and the prohibition of discriminatory taxes on intra-EU imports. The internal market is enhanced by the provisions on free movement of workers, freedom of establishment, free movement of services, and free movement of capital. Whereas Articles 28 to 30 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU) provide for the establishment of an EU common external tariff and the elimination of customs duties, Articles 34 and 35 of the TFEU (with exceptions under Article 36) go further, and prohibit quantitative restrictions and measures having equivalent effect. Taken together, Articles 28 to 32 and 34 to 36 serve to ensure the free movement of goods within the EU and to facilitate the operation of the internal market.

In this essay I will discuss why and how the European Union (EU) was set up and the advantages and disadvantages of membership. The EU was set up after World War II in 1939- 1945, bringing harmony and peace among the EU. I will also explain and evaluate the political and economic situation between Post War Europe and understand the historical development of the European Union.

Through a historic nationwide referendum on June 23, the outright majority of Britons chose to ignore forecasts of financial doom and diminished global clout to opt out of the European Union (EU). In the process, they tuned out world leaders like US President Barack Obama, who had warned free-agent Britain would start at the “back of the queue” for bilateral trade deals, and financial gurus including Bank of England governor Mark Carney who grimly predicted a recession if the UK quit the union. The final tally showed 30 million people voted in the referendum, a 72% voter turnout, and 52% of them said,“Sayonara, EU.”

The European Union (EU), as a supranational organization, has increased its stock of importance within the international realm through increased integration. Sector after sector has been targeted in attempts to create a more perfect union where all European member states are represented equally. That quest for deeper integration ultimately brought the founders of the EU at the threshold of defense and foreign policy. No one knows for sure the collective direction of the EU, only to say that the goals of the organization tends towards creating a federal state. That would mean that the EU would be the voice over all pertinent matters including foreign and security policy. It also happens to be that those two areas are held in high regard by

The European Union is a political and economical union that operates an internal market. This allows free movement of goods, capital, services and people between states that are members of the European Union. The European Union, normally referred to as the EU, is made up of 28 countries. These countries include, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Republic of Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden and the UK. (Countries in the EU and EEA)

Located on the tip of the Balkan Peninsula in Southern Europe, Greece has been formally recognized as a member of the European Union since 1981 (1). Climactically Greece experiences mild, wet winters and hot, dry summers consistent with a Mediterranean climate (2). Between 1950 and 1980 Greece experienced a period of climactic cooling that reduced its average annual temperatures; however, by the late 90’s that cooling trend reversed and Greece began experiencing progressive temperature increases (3). This trend is consistent with IPCC predictions that temperatures in Europe are expected to increase at a rate of 0.1 and 0.4 degrees Celsius per decade, with the greatest warming impacts concentrated in Southern Europe (4). Higher

Although European integration has primarily come about through the European Union and its policies, the idea of a united Europe can be traced back to Ancient Greece. The first we hear of Europe as a geographic concept was in the 7th/8th century BC through the infamous Myth of Europa (Greekmythology.com, 2015). The myth is about a Phoenician princess, Europa (after which the continent was named), who has a dream where she was called to by an unknown land telling her, she belongs to it (Greekmythology.com, 2015). Although this does not describe the geographic boundaries of the continent, it never the less goes to show that the concept of Europe being as one is nothing new.

The European Union is committed to some of the boldest renewable energy goals of at least 27% of final energy consumption by renewable sources by 2030. While this goal is in part environmentally motivated with commitments to climate change in mind, it is also politically motivated; Europe is currently heavily dependent on natural gas for its energy needs, with much of this natural gas imported from Russia. This arrangement puts Europe in danger from blockades and economic pressure from Russia. The crash of the Malaysia Airlines flight MH17 renewed tensions between Brussels and Moscow and EU Commissioner for Energy Gunther Oettinger stating that a 30% energy reduction would prove useful in ensuring European energy security. While there are

Modern culture commonly exceeds the boundaries of individual nation states through processes such as globalisation, improvement in technologies and the rise in free trade; leading to the concept of transnationalism (Waldinger, 2013). Transnationalism involves interactions linking people or institutions across the borders of many nation-states (Crang et al, 2003). Transnationalism is intrinsically linked to mobility; mobility is the ongoing and continuous cross-border movements in which people develop and maintain economic, social and cultural links in more than one nation, mobility (this sentence is too long but I’m not sure how to change it so it still makes sense) facilitates transnationalism with enables Europeanisation (Ernste, 2009).

The development of anything takes time, be it a child or a global governing body. There is an erroneous assumption in the world that the concept of the European Union, the idea of having a shared currency, and borderless pan-European continent is new. However, the pan-European identity present in Modern Europe took time to establish, especially after the continent was devastated by two World Wars. The idea of a pan-European identity as it is known today through the European Union was established after the end of the Second World War, as the need for a united Western Europe was needed to combat the increasing influence of the United States on the European economy and the possible threat of war with the Soviet Union. The policies of the

Location of Austria (dark green)– in Europe (green & dark grey)– in the European Union (green) – [Legend]