The Euphotic Zone

The Ocean has many ecosystems and animals that live and survive in there. We depend on some of the natural resources the ocean provides. We are hurting this by dangerous fishing and overfishing or overexploitation of the fish. The ocean has a great diversity

Underwater grasses, or Elodea, was observed as well. This wide variety of life is a good indicator of the water’s health.

It is shown that with the ocean, one of the biggest factors in order to promote the diversity within it is how fast the water flows, it is proven that with the increase in flow, along with it comes the number of invertebrate species that live under the rocks within that water. 3

Continuing our studies of these underwater distributions of dead diatoms will help us come to understand how oceans reacted to eras of greater climate change in the past, said Dutkiewicz. Color coding (visible on the map) represents what composes the seafloor from region to region: light green is “diatom ooze,” which is a mix of mud and diatom bits; blue is “calcareous ooze,” which is mud and calcium carbonate from microscopic shelled animals; and brown is simply clay. Red spots are volcanic ash and gravel, and yellow is

There are many interesting plants that live in salt water. These plants are very important for the life in the ocean as well as the ocean. Algae come in a variety of colors and are the largest group of plants in the sea. Algae are food for many sea creatures. It grows in strips and has been known to reach

The ocean zones vary from the surface to the sea floor. The first zone is the epipelagic zone, also known as the sunlight zone. It covers areas from the surface to two hundred meters. This zone is where the sunlight is most visible and causes the temperature to change from the heat of the sun. Temperatures vary as high as ninety seven degrees. It all depends on the season or the time of year. The second zone is the mesopelagic zone, also known as the twilight zone. It ranges from two hundred meters to one thousand meters. There is little sunlight in which it causes a great temperature change. Bioluminescent animals start to appear, fish with larger eyes and silhouettes of other variety of animals can be seen. Following the second zone is the bathypelagic zone, better known as the midnight zone. With depths that range from one thousand to four thousand meters. There’s no sunlight at these depths, the only light that can be found comes from bioluminescent animals themselves. Five thousand pounds of pressure per

Red ties are marine phenomenon in which water is stained a red, brown, or yellowish color because of the temporary abundance of a particular species of pigmented dinoflagellates (these events are known as "blooms"). They also photosynthesize and it is their photosynthetic pigments that can tint the water during blooms. Dinoflagellate are common and widespread. Under appropriate environmental conditions, various species can grow very rapidly, causing red tides. Red tides occur in all marine regions with a temperate or warmer climate. The green film Dino Flatulence is often masked by red pigments that help trap light energy. Under certain conditions water is warm and rich of nutrients a dyno flagella population explosion occurs. These microorganisms

Tube anemones (Cerianthus anemone) are said to look like “living lava lamps”. These organisms range in color from brown/beige to fluorescent pink, purple, and green on the outer tentacles, while the inner tentacles vary from white to a creamy hue. These creatures are native to the seabeds of the coastal waters of the Indo-Pacific, however these organisms are becoming increasingly common in the sandy seafloor along the Californian coast. The sandy seafloor that these creatures call home looks barren to the naked eye, but is actually home to millions of organisms. Variety of species is low on the seafloor but species concentration is high. While the seafloor is a habitat for many organisms, there is little protecting them from grit and sand

Dinoflagellates are eukaryotic microorganisms that are commonly found in marine environments. They are a large group of flagellate protists that are also identified as algae. Most dinoflagellates possess plastids, a double membrane organelle that stores pigments used in photosynthesis [1, 2]. However, some dinoflagellates only acquire these temporarily by digesting food algae [1]. A large portion of dinoflagellates are mixotrophic, phagotrophy with photosynthesis [3]. There are roughly 2,000 species of dinoflagellates living and more than 1,700 of them live in marine environments [4].

Has it ever occurred to you that there is another world among us? Beneath the deep blue sea is a vast landscape with plants and animals abundant. These animals are constantly forced to adapt to survive, showing just how strong and resilient they are. Three of these, however, stand out from the rest with features that allow them to survive in the harshest conditions.

The part of the ocean that is closest to the land is the shore. because the water is not very deep compared to the other ecosystems like deep ocean or open ocean which means that light , light does reach the bottom of the ocean in this ecosystem. the shore is affected by the waves. waves are always moving the mud and the sand in this area in this area of the ecosystem, which means that very few plants live in the water here. tides rise and fall, changing how deep the water is. at low tide, some areas are exposed to the air. and some marine animals, such as snails and crabs, move with the changing tides. animals such as mussels are attached to rocks or other surfaces. if they are exposed to air at low tide, they close their shells so they don't

The pelagic zone of the ocean is also commonly called the open ocean. In depth in extends from the surface, down to the deepest trenches. However, it does not include the coasts, near shorelines. The pelagic zone consists of five layers; the epipelagic, mesopelagic, bathypelagic, abyssopelagic, and the hadopelagic subzone. The first zone, the epipelagic zone, also known as the euphotic zone extends from the surface of the water to 200 meters. This is the most commonly explored and known portion of the pelagic zone. This is where we scuba dive, fish, go on our cruises, or boat commercially. This portion of the ocean is home to most of the fish and mammals we know the best. Such as, sharks, dolphins, sea turtles, seals, corals, rays, jellyfish, sailfish, whales and many other creatures. These all trace back to the photosynthetic planktons that form the basis of the food chain in this layer. The epipelagic subzone is also characterized by it’s abundance of light. allowing for the necessary photosynthesis to take place.

Red algae, Rhodophyta, is easily identified in the marine environment because it appears as a red color. There are many different species, originating from many different corners of the Earth. The ocean biome in the Biosphere 2 was constructed using raw seawater off the coast of Southern California, which contained many different unknown species of algae. During the construction of the biome, other known species of algae from various marine environments, Gulf of Mexico and Hawaii, were also introduced into the ocean. Research is continuing to be conducted on all various algae species in the Biosphere 2, to determine the diversity of the marine algae. Two red algae species,

Diatoms are photosynthesising algae,and they have a siliceous skeleton called as frustule and are found in almost every aquatic environment including fresh and marine waters, soils etc. They are non-motile , and single celled organism which means they manufacture their food in the same way plants

The specific conditions that determine the distinct species composition of phytoplankton blooms in the southwestern Ross Sea are not well understood. The high correlation reported between species distribution and MLD suggests that diatoms are better adapted than P. antarctica to the higher irra- diance characteristics of a shallow MLD, whereas P. antarctica is better adapted to low light levels and may be inhibited at high irradiance (Arrigo et al. 2000). However, field evidence to support this contention is equivocal (Van Hilst and Smith 2002; Robinson et al. 2003). Alternative hypotheses include species-specific differences in requirements for micronutrients, differences in the composition of pre-bloom phytoplankton seed populations, and differential rates of grazing by zooplankton (Van Hilst and Smith 2002). In addition, Robinson et al. (2003) suggested that the degree of variability of the light fields produced in deeply (more variable) and shallowly mixed (less variable) water columns, rather than the