The European Union

• An industry report concerning opportunities in offshore wind says a staggering 8 GW was grid-connected in Europe by 2015. The UK and Germany constituted more than 90% of this growth, thereby gaining the leading position in offshore wind as of today.

Energy is an integral part of our daily lives. While organisms get energy to move from food, non-living appliances such as phones, lights, cars etc. get their energy from other renewable or non-renewable sources. The majority of energy consumed comes from non-renewable energy sources: fossil fuels (oil, gas and coal) and nuclear energy. In the past few decades, the issue of a potential “energy crisis” has arisen. Since people nowadays use such large amounts of fossil fuels, they will run out in the near future. Out of the three fossil fuels, oil and gas are the most widely used. It is predicted that, without taking into account the new reserves that could become accessible with the advancement of technology, oil and gas

Has the sovereignty of EU member states passed to EU institutions or is it still retained by member states?

The European Union (EU) is the union of economic, monetary and political with twenty-seven Member States. They work together, in order to get particular advantages for their countries. This has been argued by Bickerton, the shift from nation-states to Member States led to a subtle and not unproblematic. However, the countries are free to choose want to join or withdraw from the EU. EU consists of various institutions, but with only three institutions are involved in the EU legislative process. These are the Council, the European Parliament and the European Commission. Over the years the EU has been expanded, consequently various treaties have been signed to work together. The latest treaty is the Lisbon Treaty, which was an

The European Union(EU) contains just 7% of the world’s population, but produces 1/3 of the world’s Gross National Product (Delegation of the EU to the US). A single market merges all 28 countries of the EU into one economic free-trade zone with no trade tariffs imposed on one another. The EU accounts for 51% of all trade that the United Kingdom (UK) conducts with the world (The Data Team 2). Since its admittance to the Union in 1973, Britain’s economy has grown from 326 million Euros per capita to 6,116 million Euros per capita in quarter four of 2012. Despite its economic benefits, many have voiced concern over its undemocratic practices. In a summary of the court case Van Loos v. Netherlands Inland Revenue administration, the European

“Doubling the share of renewable energy by 2030 could deliver around half of the required emissions reductions…,” the author of REthinking Energy 2015, a report released by the International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) ahead of the 21st Conference of Parties (COP21) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) where a new agreement is to be signed about climate change at Paris summit in December 2015. In addition, the report points out that renewable energy is countries’ essential tool not only to fulfil climate change mitigation objectives but also to incite economic growth. In fact, I belief that renewable energy is the pledge that each nation must take to avoid potential harms of ecosystems. In brief, my research concerns the renewable energy resources and their integration with power grids.

Following United Kingdom membership to the European Union in 1973 alongside other European states, further economic integration of the states lead to the Maastricht agreement of 1992 . The central feature of the agreement was the incorporation of the European monetary union (EMU) the EMU was based on four financial principles of inflation, long-term interest rates, fiscal debt and deficit and exchange rate. The aim of the Union was to harmonise trade and economic relations across member states and as such the EMU imposed restriction on infrastructure investment through strict borrowing limits. As a member state Britain had to comply with the four criteria despite the pressure it placed on its public borrowing and financing of infrastructure. To meet its social responsibility the United Kingdom government started the private finance initiative.

One of the main objectives of the European Union (EU) is the establishment of the internal market, which shall consist of “area without internal frontiers in which the free movement of goods, persons, services and capital is ensured. The internal market is based upon a customs union achieved through the abolition of the imposition of customs duties and charges having an equivalent effect and the prohibition of discriminatory taxes on intra-EU imports. The internal market is enhanced by the provisions on free movement of workers, freedom of establishment, free movement of services, and free movement of capital. Whereas Articles 28 to 30 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU) provide for the establishment of an EU common external tariff and the elimination of customs duties, Articles 34 and 35 of the TFEU (with exceptions under Article 36) go further, and prohibit quantitative restrictions and measures having equivalent effect. Taken together, Articles 28 to 32 and 34 to 36 serve to ensure the free movement of goods within the EU and to facilitate the operation of the internal market.

It is true that the European Union is taking the steps to have the rebuilding of security against terrorism. The military forces have started to take the actions in order to cope with the increasing issue of terrorism. However, it is also true that the miss-conception has been formed regarding the image of Muslims in the Europe as they are being subjected to wrong treatments for the terrorist impressions as research reports that “…The Ministry of Defense decided to deploy 10,500 soldiers to sensitive areas, with nearly half of them assigned to the protection of the country 's 717 Jewish schools…”

Brexit is a an abbreviation of “ British Exit “ out of European union which refers to a referendum held in United Kingdom wherein all the eligible voters of UK were asked if they want UK to be part of the European Union or Leave the European Union. 51.9% voted to leave and 49.1% voted to remain in European Union.

The term European Union (EU) has come to be used to refer to an economic and political partnership involving 28 member states which are located primarily in Europe. British as one of the member in European have been benefits on economic, trade, and tourism etc. Recently, there have been noticeable increases in the argument on whether or not the British should remaining or leaving the European Union. This is due to the EU economic crisis appear and it brings series issues the European members. The bill that UK pay to EU is rising as UK economic improve and UK is become the net contributor to the EU. This essay will focus on economy reasons to identify and analyse the main problem that causes different opinion about UK leaving EU. To clearly analyse this, the structure are point out into four parts, first to evaluate those who approve of UK leaving the EU and then determine who will gain and loosing if British quit EU. Also, to view on the other side on who wish UK to remain in EU, as well as to giving detail discuss about who will be the winner or loser as UK remain in EU. Lastly, to summing up all those analyse and give personal suggestion on which gains and losses are likely to be most critical.

The European Union (EU) is a political and economic partnership that represents a unique form of cooperation among 28 member states. Formed through a series of binding treaties, the Union is latest in a process of integration begun after World War II in Europe to promote peace and economic prosperity. Its founders hoped that by creating specified areas in which member states agreed to share sovereignty firstly in coal and steel production, economics and trade, and nuclear energy, it can promote interdependence and make another war in Europe. Since the 1950s, this European integration project has expanded to encompass other economic sectors; a customs union; a single market in which goods, people, and capital move freely; a common trade policy; a common agricultural policy; many aspects of social and environmental policy; and a common currency (the euro €) that is used by 19 member states. Since the mid-1990s, EU member states have also taken significant steps toward political integration, with decisions to develop a Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP) and efforts to enhance cooperation in the area of Justice and Home Affairs (JHA), which is aimed at forging common internal security measures.

After the Second World War ended, European politicians and citizens had a vision to make Europe’s future certain that a conflict of such magnitude would never arise again in fear of a new extreme nationalistic regime would appear once more. In 1952 progress was made by the establishment of the European coal and steel society and by 1957 the European economic union was created. Foundation for the Europe we live in now came after the treaty of Maastricht which was signed in 1993. Two decades on and the EU has become the largest political and economic union of the modern world, with a total population of over 500 million and is now the second largest economy of the world, behind only the US. First attempt for UK to become a member of the customs union was in 1961 which was unsuccessful and was vetoed, in 1963, by the French president Charles de Gaulle because he argued that the Brits did not share the same vision for European integration as the other member states. However, ten years on in 1973 the UK was successful in becoming a member along with Ireland and Denmark. Nevertheless, ever since the UK became a member, it has been a complicated and intense relationship between the UK government and main European bodies. Eurosceptics argue that things have dramatically changed in the last 40 years and the UK is no longer dependant on Europe to prosper.

Due to growing environmental concerns, adoption of policies favoring renewables and governments incentivizing renewable energy technologies such as solar and wind, these are expected to become larger part of our energy profile in the next couple of decades. (grid impacts…)

However, New Zealand has been named as one of the least energy efficient countries in the world and therefore, I propose implementing strategies in order to make New Zealand more energy efficient and this will mean that less energy is wasted which will benefit New Zealand’s energy supply. I propose more power stations in North Island as that would reduced line loss as most customers are in North Island so less energy is lost in transmission. Although, 75% of all energy production is already renewable, I propose for at least 90% of New Zealand’s energy to be renewable in the future and this will minimise the effects of fossil fuel generation such as global warming and air pollution. Because of this, I think that the amount of wind power should be increased; we should not build nuclear power plants because uranium waste is a hazard to the environment and fossil fuel electricity use should decrease because it will run out.