The Evolution Of Competing Secret Intelligence Agencies

“The most important innovation of the NSA, the National Security Council, was a special source of concern for President Truman, who worried that it would become a ‘‘second cabinet.’’ (Stuart 2003) The National Security Council was made up of The President of the United States, The Secretary of the State, The Secretary of Defense, The Secretary of the Army, Navy, and Air Force, and The Chairman of National Security Resources Board. The NSC responsibilities were to “advise the President with respect to the integration of domestic, foreign, and military policies relating to the national security so as to enable the military services and the other departments and agencies of the Government to cooperate more effectively in matters involving the national security.” (“National Security Act of 1947" 2009) Another important agency that came out of the National Security Act was the Central Intelligence

The 1776 united States of America Declaration of Independence contain the words that succinctly describe our national objective, strategy, and message, “We hold these Truths to be self-evident, that all Men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty, and the Pursuit of Happiness.” In today’s United States of America, the world acknowledges American’s as the preeminent owner of individual freedoms, holding and promoting these three basic principles for some 240 years. During these years, the U.S. has employed the use of intelligence to shape its objectives and strategies, and then in times of war used the same intelligence to shape strategic messages against foreign powers. However, as hostilities decline and give way to the restoration of relative peace, the use of intelligence for strategic messages against foreign powers ceases. Under these circumstances, the void created by secession of U.S. messages, provides a communication opportunity to foreign powers for transmission of anti-U.S. messages. Attempts have been made to reinstate the offices that during war countered these anti-U.S. messages to a comprehensive reorganization of the U.S Government intelligence community. This paper does not support creation of a new agency or department to utilize existing strategic intelligence.

After World War II American intelligence had the need to be transformed. The inexperience along with bureaucracy and poor coordination among American intelligence officers obligated the United States intelligence community to change dramatically in order to confront the new challenges that emerged after the end of WWII. From Early America through WWI the intelligence system of the United States of America was involved in operations in which they had to construct intelligence systems virtually from scratch (Andrew 1995). Human intelligence was already developed, but with certain limitations and other intelligence disciplines were underdeveloped and very seldom sophisticated. After WWI America recessed and settled in a period of peace. The

The 9/11 attacks opened the avenue for a scrutiny of the performance and ability of the intelligence community to detect any threats to the safety of the United States. The media, politicians, reformists and other interested parties would not comprehend how such an attack would happen without the knowledge of the intelligence community. However, it is important to consider the fact that the attack was one of its kind and could not be approached with the resources and expertise used in other initiative such as the cold war. Therefore, the need to restructure the intelligence community arose from the view that it was still operating in the mindset and spirit of the cold war even in the modern era that had seen a revolutionary change of warfare

Providing for the common defense means that the United States government must preserve the rights, freedom, and safety of the nation as a whole. The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) fulfills this goal, as the agency collects, analyzes, and processes information at an international level and utilizes the data to further bolster our nation’s intelligence and security against foreign countries. Without the CIA, we would not be able to be one of the strongest nations on the planet.

When it came to espionage operations, the organization quickly became a thorn in the United States’ side even

service to funding billions of dollars to the CIA. The book describes the events leading

The Cold War with the Soviet Union and its allies started almost immediately after the end of WWII, and would be the next step for the U.S intelligence community. The signing of the National Security Act of 1947 by president Truman drastically restructured the military and intelligence community, creating the Department of Defense (DoD) and Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) while establishing a clear chain of command (CIA, 2008). With the establishment of the CIA and director of central intelligence, The National Security Act of 1947 the U.S had a permanent and legitimized intelligence community, one that could start to develop and refine their own methods of operation and traditions (Lowenthal, 2017). The National Security Act of 1947 would go largely unchanged for 57 years, not being severely altered until 2004.

After the end of World War II, the United States entered war, a cold war to be exact. The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, or Soviet Union, was a communist nation that was the United States rival. After World War II, the world was left with just two superpowers, the two super rivals. These two countries fought for the control of the world. The Soviet Union wanted a communist world, while the United States fought for a free world. One of the United State’s main tools was the CIA.

The beginning of our present day Counter Intelligence (CI) began after WWII with the combined efforts of the U.S. X-2 branch of the Office of Strategic Services (OSS) and the Federal Bureau of Investigation’s Special Intelligence Services (SIS). These offices gave way to the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) responsible for countering activities of foreign intelligence services in the U.S. and the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) responsible for coordinating U.S. counterintelligence activities in foreign countries. Within the framework of the development of the United States of America there was not a devised explanation for the use of intelligence within the armed forces. Spies were present during the Revolutionary war. Washington had a spy ring organized called the Culper Ring organized by Colonel Benjamin Tallmadge, spying on the British in New York City. The Culper spies sent messages back to Washington divulging information on British activities at their headquarters based in New York city, as explained in Alexander Rose’s book “Washington’s Spies: the story of America’s first spy Ring”. The need for a CI mission in the U.S. during the Cold War after WWII was paramount to the protection of the U.S. against enemy treats and ability to gain information that would support the U.S. power to negotiate. During WWII the OSS and the SIS mirrored the British intelligence services structure and in combination developed methods of signals intelligence that helped to break

The CIA, the elite intelligence agency for the United States of America. Formed by President Truman on September 18, 1947 for security of the nation. Although, they were created in order to protect the nation, this agency has actually created several downfalls and incidents that were quite unneeded during times of tension. In April of 1961, the CIA launched a special operation that was a plotted coup of Cuba. In the years leading up to these three days, the CIA had been training Cuban Americans in order to fight and retake Cuba as a democratic government. Instead, the coup was a total disaster and therefore in typical CIA fashion the President was blamed for this disaster. Another disappointment by the CIA was the “containment” of communism in Southern Asia.

Roosevelt’s death defines the abyss of political leadership that allowed Hoover and Donovan to push for a peacetime agency that would be used to monitor American citizens and other non-military targets. During the Cold War era, the CIA was primarily supported due to the fear of communist Infiltration into the United States. The issue of communism was a major reason why the CIA was given much broader powers as the international version of the

The Central Intelligence Agency pursues the effort to enhance the protection of the republic and the democratic ideals of the United States of America when being threatened by foreign nations and the communist Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. Hence, the gathering of intelligence through field agents becomes essential and the secretiveness of the operations is indispensable in order to obtain accuracy. Information on the actions in areas such as Poland, have caused field agents to have been entitled to research the current situation at both the levels of the populace and the central government. Apart from this region, operations in Moscow include the infiltration in the government and constant recruitment of agents in order to predict

During WWII, the creation of the OSS was a significant improvement in gathering intelligence on foreign spies and enemies of the state. Roosevelt created the OSS with the purpose of uniting the often-divided Army and Navy intelligence gathering services that often concealed information from each other in terms of a quasi-military rivalry in the Armed Forces. More so, the FBI and The United States Department of State had its own separate intelligence service that further divided the nation’s

Canadian and American spies helped to advance spy schools, change society's gender roles, and develop and further technology throughout the Second World War, all the while retrieving foreign information and secrets. All of these additions to war and society led to the extensive use of espionage in the Cold War. Merriam-Webster dictionary defines espionage as the actions that are done to find out secrets from enemies or competitors; the activity of spying. This is exactly what Canada and the United States did in the second World War, and eventually the Cold War. The main reason there was a need for spies in World War II was to stealthily retrieve important information from the enemy. Although the ways of obtaining this goal are limitless, they all fall under the common category of espionage. It is evident that useful information, such as foreign secrets, could not simply be obtained by asking the enemy. Thus, a need for spies was developed. Agencies such as the CIA (Central Intelligence Agency), formerly the OSS (Office of Strategic