The Evolution Of Eukaryotic Cells

Holy Martyrs Ferrahian High School Reproduction, Symbiosis, and the Eukaryotic Cell Research Paper Aram Kazorian AP Biology Mrs. Lee 18 October, 2016 The research that was conducted had the specific purpose of addressing questions on topics of individuality, reproduction, symbiotic relationships, all based around the idea of endosymbionts and the endosymbiotic theory with the eukaryotic cell. Symbiosis are the relationships between organisms that can either harm or benefit themselves

The hypothesized steps for the evolution of eukaryotic cells from prokaryotic organisms involved mitochondria and plastids. Eukaryotic cells’ classical membrane- bound organelles evolved from the bacteria through a process called endosymbiosis, which ranks amongst the most important evolutionary events in history. In the early 1960s, Stanier, Douderoff, and Adelberg referred to the prokaryote–eukaryote divide as “the greatest single evolutionary discontinuity to be found in the present-day world”

first eukaryotic (an organism which contains a nucleus and organelles enclosed within a membrane ). Was pioneered in the 1960’s by the seminal work of Lynn Margulis. This theory attempts to explain the origins of eukaryotic cell organelles, specifically the mitochondria (providing the cells ATP (used for the cells metabolism) supply used by the cell as chemical energy ). With the theory suggesting that the mitochondria and plastids within a eukaryotic cell were once independent prokaryotic cells (a

Before eukaryotic cells contained organelles and worked symbiotically as one, life consisted of free-living bacteria. Organelles, such as chloroplasts and mitochondria, that are currently found in eukaryotic cells are theorized to have been separate bacteria before the evolutionary success of the eukaryotic cell. Such idea is proven through the endosymbiotic theory. This concept provides an evolutionary origin for the mitochondrion and chloroplast seen in organisms of today. This theory is held together

Instead of being digested inside the host cell some victims continued to thrive and grow. The theory of Endosymbiosis describes the origin of chloroplasts and mitochondria and their double membranes. This concept explains the idea that chloroplasts and mitochondria are the results of years of evolution started by endocytosis of bacteria and blue green algae. Based on this theory, blue green algae and bacteria are not

the prokaryotic domain of life, while humans and most other readily visible life forms are firmly rooted in the eukaryotic domain. These domains diverged many millions of years ago from a common ancestor and, while the eukaryotic branch later split into eukaryotic and archaeal domains, it maintained its separation from the prokaryotic domain (Woese et al., 1990). Prokaryotic and eukaryotic genomes are naturally very distinct in both content and structure as a result of eons-long separation, and one

While there are many different hypotheses to the evolution of eukaryotic organisms, two in particular have very plausible yet different approaches to this complex question. The Margulis hypothesis of the evolution of eukaryotic organisms focuses on the idea of endosymbiosis, which is the close interaction or association between different species with one of those species being inhabited within the other. Margulis hypothesized that free-living bacteria that were capable of energy production and

The origin of the eukaryotic cell is a concept that is widely debated in the world of science. In 1970, Lynn Margulis proposed the endosymbiotic theory. More recently, Baum and Baum (2014) came out with the “Inside-out” theory for the origin of the eukaryotic cell. They refer to the endosymbiosis theory as the “Outside-in” theory. These two models propose that the eukaryotic cell arose from prokaryotic origins. Only one of these theories is more parsimonious. In the endosymbiosis theory, Lynn Margulis

Organisms are made up of cells which were considered as the basic unit of life. After the invention of microscope, Robert Hooke first discovered cells by looking at a dead cell from an oak tree. His finding brought the study of cell biology. According to the cell theory formulated by lots of scientists, all living organisms are composed of at least one cell which is the basic unit of life, and all cells come from pre-existing living cells. Cell is a wide type of substance that have variations between

considered to be the precursors to eukaryotic cells. One of the other defining characteristics of eukaryotic cells that allow for multicellularity to occur is the presence of a complex