The Evolution Of U.s. Health Policy

Health care in America is a serious issue as it involves families that are unable to receive accessible, affordable and quality medical treatment. Middle class or impoverished families are unable to receive the benefits of health care due to low income levels and a volatile economy. Politicians discuss the reformation of the health care system, but people who are uninsured suffer the consequences of a system that overlooks middle class families in favor of wealthy families, a dominant issue for conflict theorists. Some argue that the health care system is not in need of reform and state that

rehend the PPACA, one must understand the history of the United States’ health care system. The most successful and known reform would be the passage of Medicare and Medicaid. President Johnson’s main objective with his program was to provide health insurance to those over 65 years old, who otherwise wouldn’t be able to receive coverage due to retirement or being financially unfit to purchase health insurance. It has since been expanded to cover those with disabilities, and lower income families (“Overview,” 2015). Brady (2015) examines President Clinton’s attempt to massively overhaul health care in the United States. His plan, the Health Security Act (HSA), required employers to offer health insurance to their employees, and mandated that every US citizen purchase health insurance. This plan would have most likely expand health insurance to many more Americans; however, many feared the large tax increases, restricted options for patients, and with the lack of general support for the bill, it failed in Congress and was never implemented (p. 628). President Clinton’s failed attempt at health care reform opened up the door to future reforms, and it even shared multiple similarities to the PPACA. Smith (2015) updates the history of the health care system in America stating that “In the mid-2000s, America’s uninsured population swelled to nearly 47 million, representing about 16 percent of the population” and how “16 million Americans […] were underinsured” (p. 2). People

The 1940’s brought us the introduction of penicillin. President Truman tries to implement a single system for health care that would benefit all of America. The AMA abruptly turned his implementation down and actually referred as a “Communist plot” in the House subcommittee (PBS.org).

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The health of the American people lags behind those from other developed countries. Federal public health agencies have a wide range of responsibilities and functions which includes public health research, funding, and oversight of direct healthcare providers. It has been a long time since changes have been made to the way the federal government structures its health care roles and programs outside of Medicare and Medicaid (Trust, 2013). With healthcare reform on the horizon now is the time to invest time and money in prevention, not medicine, making it a top priority to improve health and prevent disease. Funding efforts at all levels of the public health continuum need to focus on developing programs aimed at such leading initiatives

The timeline of U.S. healthcare history began with Early American medicine with Native Americans and common folk practices performed by settlers. Practices included herbal remedies, procedures such as “bleeding, blistering, and purging (Batnitzky, Hayes, & Vinall, (2014). Practices were based on theory and environmental contributors rather than diagnosis of treatment. The First Marine Hospital fund was signed into law in 1789,creating the beginning of organized medicine and facilities. The First Marine Hospital fund ensured military members and individuals with federal eligibility were provided medical treatment and preventive care. Funds in maintaining treatment facilities was acquired though payroll deductions. This treatment was provided at various hospitals and facilities. Through growth and expansion, treatment facilities were operated and maintained by military operations. In 1847, the American Medical Association (AMA) was founded by Dr. Nathan Davis. Standards and guidelines were determined for the education requirements for medical professionals, drug manufacturing, preventing disease, sanitation, and in providing higher standards of treatment and care (American Medical Association [AMA], 2015). In 1872, the American Public Health Association [APA] was formed in promoting prevention of communicable diseases. This was the next major breakthrough in reducing diseases such as smallpox, whooping cough, and other common diseases that highly spread. As advances in

In 2014, the U.S. health care spending increased 5.3% to $3.0 trillion, or $9,523 per person, a faster increase than the 2.9% in 2013. The spending increased due to extensive coverage expansions under the Affordable Care Act (ACA) (Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, 2014b). In 2014, Medicare spending grew 5.5% to $618.7 billion and represented 20% of the national health expenditure, a faster increase than the 3% growth in 2013. The spending increased due to prescription drugs, physician and clinical services, government administration, and insurance (Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, 2014b). In 2014, Medicaid spending grew 11% to $495.8 billion and represented 16% of the national health expenditures, a faster increase

Healthcare legislation in the United States has been a hot topic for many years now, and the introduction of the so-called "healthcare law has" only invigorated that. While it is important for a healthcare professional to understand the impact of the larger healthcare law, it is also important to know how other bills before Congress impact patients and the economy as a whole. One such bill under consideration by the United States Senate is S.27 designated that "Preserve Access to Affordable Generics" Act (this was previously designated S.369 (Policy and Medicine, 2011)). The goal of this paper is to examine this bill as to economic impact, equity, administrative resources, and the role of the nurse.

In chapter three of the Estes Healthcare policy, she explores the healthcare reforms now and in the future. Her analysis borrows from other studies that had been done to explore the implications of the healthcare reforms to all the stakeholders. The article explores the implications of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, Medicaid and Children`s Health Insurance Program Provisions, and Community Living Assistance, Services and Support Act. The changes would have significant changes in the healthcare delivery systems. One of the implications of the changes would be decreased quality of healthcare.

Health care reform in the United States has a long history. Reforms have often been proposed but have rarely been accomplished.Future reforms of the American health care system continue to be proposed, with notable proposals including a single payer system and a reduction in fee for service medical care.

The U.S. healthcare framework fails to meet expectations contrasted and different nations on various measurements access, quality, and productivity (Baicker, 2004). The United States spends on healthcare services twice per capita what the normal industrialized country spends, hence elaborating of inefficiencies in management of these services (Baicker, 2004). High U.S. healthcare care spending without similar increases in health results has driven a few specialists to reason that the U.S. healthcare framework is on the level part of the generation bend for healthcare administrations, or maybe past the purpose of consistent losses. An alternate conclusion could be drawn in particular, that the United States is not even on the effective developmental point. When the point of consideration is characterized as the treatment for a given condition, the expense of providing any certain level of consideration is exceedingly variable (Baicker, 2004). Indeed, even within a specified geographic range, the expense of healthcare say, a cardiac arrest, relies on upon the doctor 's healthcare service and facility to which the ambulance brings an individual. It will influence duration spent in the emergency unit; numerous specialists included in treatment, and instances of readmission to the clinic after release.

Every nation holds multitudes of health care policy facing debate. Analyzing the strengths and weaknesses of other countries could benefit the United States of America to create improvements. For decades, the right to health care in the United States has fueled public debates and social conversation. Should we implement the right similar to European policies? The United States struggles in agreement to start making changes, but we can develop plans from successes seen in Italy. Italy has achieved cost containment and patient coverage, which are two of the largest struggles within the United States health care system. This paper will outline Italian structure and policies to aid in the process of formulating a plan for positive changes by describing the following: finances and structure of Italian health care, disparities seen within Italian health care offered, the overall structure of the United States health care system and conclusion of suggestions to better our health care system.

Should the United States government give everyone free health care? Millions of Americans have lost their health insurance. In Canada, and many countries in Europe, health insurance is guaranteed. Some experts here argue that universal health insurance can be successful. Other equally well qualified people counter that it would be too expensive or claim that the care would be poor. They believe that market forces will fix any shortcomings of the U.S. health care system.

The topic I have chosen is the history of health care in the United States. We have obviously come a long way in the field of health care. We have undergone many changes and endured some great debates on how we should go about providing health care to the U.S. citizens. How people go about receiving health care varies by country and on the individual. It can be influenced by the economic and social standing of the country including the kind of health policies in place. Everyone has different policies and plans for their personal goals for their health care within society. Organizations of health care are made to meet health needs of the population. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), a well-functioning health care system requires a robust financing mechanism; a well-trained and adequately-paid workforce; reliable information on which to base decisions and policies; and well maintained health facilities and logistics to deliver quality medicines and technologies. Health care can significantly help a country’s economy.

Though he recently bowed out of the Republican presidential race, the candidate’s health care policy I chose to review is the junior United States Senator from Texas–Ted Cruz. Most of Senator Cruz’s health policies are easily accessible and posted on his presidential campaign website–tedcruz.org. Senator Cruz opposes the Affordable Care Act (which he consistently refers to as “Obamacare”) and wanted to repeal “every single word of Obamacare”; to resolve this issue, he was planning to make healthcare more “personal, portable, affordable” (“Cruz: I Will Repeal and Replace Obamacare,” 2016). After watching and reading several of Senator Cruz’s debates and interviews, I have noticed his repetitive statements on what he wants to do with health care; although, he never divulges on details of how he wants to achieve his goals or if these proposed ideas have been proven to be effective in the past. Furthermore, even right before the demise of his presidential bid, he never revealed an actual detailed health care plan. For example: How would he fund his plan? How much will it cost the public? Does it cover any pre-existing conditions? How about those who still cannot afford paying for healthcare post-Cruz-reform? In essence, his noble propositions are considerably vague and seemingly unbacked. To gain more information on his plans, I contacted the phone number listed under the campaign website’s “contact information” link, and the number directed me to his Texas office.