The Existence Of Diabetes Mellitus

Diabetes Mellitus is not a new disease. It was first recognized in ancient Egypt around 1500 B.C.E. It was considered a rare condition in comparison to present times. In 1812, diabetes was acknowledged as a clinical disorder. However, its prevalence at the time was not well documented. During those time periods, diabetes was considered fatal (Polonsky, 2014). The most significant progress came with the discovery of insulin. In 1921, Frederick G. Banting, MD and then student assistant, Charles H. Best, made the discovery of insulin. This discovery led Dr. Banting to being

Diabetes remains the 7th leading cause of death in the United States. The cost of care for diabetics and new cases of diagnosed diabetes patient’s rise more and more each year. In 2010 234’051 death certificates were issued with the mention of diabetes as a contributing factor to the death. About 60% of lower limb amputations were performed. The cost of care for diabetics is now at an astronomical high of $176 billion dollars. A change a most be made to prevent all of this loss. (American Diabetes Association, 2014)

During the year 1889, two researchers, Joseph Von Mering and Oskar Minkowski, had discovered the disease that is known today as diabetes. Diabetes is a disease in which the insulin levels (a hormone produced in unique cells called the islets of Langerhans found in the pancreas) in the bloodstream are irregular and therefore affect the way the body uses sugars, as well as other nutrients. Up until the 1920’s, it was known that being diagnosed with diabetes was a death sentence which usually affected “children and adults under 30.” Those who were diagnosed were usually very hungry and thirsty, which are two of the symptoms associated with diabetes. However, no matter how much they ate, their bodies wouldn’t be able to use the nutrients due

Chronic elevated glucose in blood (hyperglycemia) with disturbances metabolism of protein, fat and carbohydrate resulting from disorder in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. (1) Expected to increase diabetic patients by 2025 to approximately 300 million people in the worldwide (2) In ancient times it was difficult to identify diabetes as the ability of patients to heal weak, the researchers think the diabetes resulting from defect in the bladder and kidneys are the cause of diabetes. (6)

Diabetes is a lifelong disorder in which the body does not produce or properly use insulin, a hormone that regulates blood sugar by converting sugar, starches, and other foods into engery necessary for daily life. The problem may be caused by too little insulin or the body 's resisitance to using the insulin that is secreted by the pancreas, a small organ that lies behind the lower part of the stomach (Laberge, 2011). As a result, glucose in the blood cannot be absorbed or used by the cells of the body. There are two major types of diabetes mellitus, type 1 and type 2.

Diabetes is a chronic illness that impacts 371 million people in the world, but about another 187 people are not diagnosed. It is the 7th leading cause of death in the united states, and 8th cause world wide. Many people are uneducated about diabetes, and are only familiar with Type 2. There are two main types of diabetes, Type 2, and Type 1 or juvenile diabetes. A third form of diabetes is called Gestational diabetes, but it only affects about 4% of pregnant women. Diabetes was first mentioned in 1552 B.C in Egypt. Hesy-Ra, an Egyptian physician was the first known to document the 'mysterious disease. Many centuries after this first documentation, people had better understandings of this disease. Diabetes was diagnosed by "water tasters"

In fact, there had been incredible advances in the understanding of diabetes. In 1869, a student named Paul Langerhans discovered a new type of tissue, scattered about in the pancreas. The tissues came to be known as the Islets of Langerhans. It was theorized that they secreted a substance that regulates digestion, so in 1889, a physician named Oscar Minkowski removed the pancreas from a dog. In a matter of days, the dog became diabetic, evidenced by sugar in its urine, showing the connection between the secretions of the islets and diabetes (Wikipedia, Insulin).

Diabetes is a disease of the body is unreceptive to the hormone insulin that is secreted by the pancreas or in some cases the body doesn’t produce any insulin at all. This causes high blood sugar levels in the urine and the blood that can pose detrimental effect on someone if left untreated. The role of the pancreas in this disorder was discovered by Joseph Von Mering and Oskar

Diabetes was known in ancient civilizations. It was known by the ancient Egyptians 3,000 years ago, and the victims of diabetes, often children and adolescents, would die after several months without treatment. Diabetes was also known by the ancient Romans and Greeks. In 1869, a German scientist named Paul Langerhans discovered a group of cells in the shape of clustered islands in the pancreas. These cells secrete the insulin hormone which aids in the diagnoses of diabetes. The hormone insulin is produced in the pancreatic beta cells, which are arranged in the form of islands resembling bunches of grapes, and are named after the scientist who discovered them: “Islets of Langerhans”, which are distributed along the pancreas, and mostly in

Diabetes at one point in time was a disease that was known to only affect older adults. But in today’s time it has become something that not only affects the older population but every age group. Diabetes has become an economic amount of weight on individuals in today’s society due to the increase in size of the population. What is Diabetes, Diabetes Mellitus is a common Metabolic Disorder it passes large amounts of urine that has been described by Greek and by Roman Physician as Diabetes. The term Mellitus refers and means a sweet taste (Barrett, Biotanio, and Brooks 2012). The name of the Disease reveals one of the most important Clinical manifestations, which are passing sweet- tasted urine and in other words means the presence of sugar in person urine.

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disorder characterized by complete or partial insulin deficiency and/or cellular resistance to the actions of insulin which results in an accumulation of glucose in the blood leading to hyperglycemia. Several classifications of medications can be utilized to manage elevated blood glucose in patients with diabetes mellitus. Many formulations of insulin are available to manage blood glucose levels with variations in onset, peak, and duration. Insulin’s mechanism of action promotes cellular uptake of glucose along with potassium and conversion of glucose into glycogen. Oral antidiabetics have various mechanisms of actions, but ultimately work to increase insulin or alter carbohydrate metabolism in order to manage blood glucose levels in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2. Other medications for supplemental control of glucose levels are amylin mimetics and incretin mimetics, which mimic the effects of naturally occurring peptides and can be used with insulin or oral antidiabetics. Amylin mimetics and incretin mimetics both decrease gastric emptying time and inhibit secretion of glucagon, but only incretin mimetics increase release of insulin. Amylin mimetics are used in patients with type 1 or type 2 diabetes, whereas, incretin mimetics are used only with type 2 diabetes. In contrast to the above medications, hyperglycemic agents are utilized to manage hypoglycemia by increasing the breakdown of glycogen into glucose in order to

The discovery of the role of pancreas in diabetes mellitus is commonly credited to Joseph von Mering and Oskar Minkowski, who in 1889 found that dogs whose pancreas was removed developed all the diabetic signs and symptoms and died shortly afterwards. The islets of Langerhans was discovered by the anatomist Paul Langerhans in 1869. He identified the keys cells in the pancreas which produce the main hormone that controls glucose levels in the body. In 1910, Sir Edward Albert Sharpey-Schafer suggested that people with diabetes were deficient in a single chemical that was normally produced by the pancreas—he proposed calling this substance insulin (Latin insula, meaning island). The endocrine role of the pancreas in metabolism, and the actuality

1. American Diabetes Association. Standards of medical care in diabetes--2011. Diabetes Care. 2011;34 Suppl 1:S11-S61. [PubMed]

According to researchers at the web site diabetesinformationhub.com, diabetes has been around for a very long time but it wasn’t until around 1552 B.C. that we became aware of it. During this time, many Greek and French physicians studied it and reported on its nature, and the bodily organs that are responsible for it. In the 1870’s a French doctor uncovered a link between diabetes and the foods we ate. Therefore, changing our individual diet could be a treatment for control. Between 1900 and 1915 a diet for those with diabetes was designed to include; milk, oats, and other foods containing fiber. Another step along the path of researching this disease came when three men, Dr. Banting, Dr. Collip, and Prof. Macleod, discovered insulin and its nature and function. They were awarded the Nobel Prize for their research which took place between 1920 and 1923. In the years following many more things were discovered about this disease, for example the effects on kidneys and the skin (Diabetes information hub, history and statistics, par. 1-2). ¶

Diabetes Mellitus has increased in recent years due to bad eating habits and inactivity. Diabetes Mellitus is a major public health problem worldwide. Improved testing accuracy has improved which has confirmed more cases. There are two types of diabetes. In this paper I will explain the differences in both types of Diabetes and complications that are commonly associated with this disease, as well as treatment and plan of care for this disease. (American Medical Association)