The Expansion Of Globalization : Mncs ( Kapferer )

1. Gen. In the world Pakistan is a county that is facing one of the most critical conditions of terrorism. Pakistan is on an urge of war against the terrorism since more than 15 years that has been killed thousands of innocent citizens and several hundred of soldiers and law and enforcement agencies' personnel during fighting against terrorism. This irritation has not only affected the peoples of Pakistan, but it has been also very bad effects upon the economy of Pakistan. These things have made the economic situation of the state unsteady and unsecured.

MNC’s/TNC’s are companies that locate their factories in various places throughout the world. This gives countries more jobs, access to the global market, cheap manufacturing and large profits.

Globalization provides Pakistan with an opportunity to unleash its true potential. Its untapped natural and young human resource and its strategic location between energy sources and consumer nations of a populous of 3 billion, makes Pakistan an important player in geo-economic arena in South Asia, a recent example being the development of China-Pakistan Economic Corridor which will be a game changer in near

In the business industry, if businesses want to export their goods and services to other countries, they must become familiar with and adopt international and global strategies. Consequently, there are three types of international and global business strategies. The first type is international, which entails conducting a significant amount of activities outside the home country, yet its focus remains on the home market (Fung, 2014). The second type is multinational, which consists of operating in multiple countries, yet the headquarters is in its home country, not to mention that the competitive advantage will vary by country (Fung, 2014). The third and final type is global, which is when the organization treats the whole world as one market and one source of supply, not to mention, that its competitive advantage is contingent of common brands, standardized products, and global scale production (Fung,

Why MNCs are important for the world and what are the conflicts that MNCs can solve?

The country of Pakistan is currently facing a multitude of issues that affects the majority of their population such as food and water shortages that are difficult to resolve.

Pakistan needs to safeguard its national interest and international relations as too much reliance on China is not good. Pakistan has to balance its relations with west and China as one sphere influence would result to damage relation. Pakistan needs to play as diplomatic balancer to get the best from both powers.

some time, and so are the challenges for global companies whether they are small, medium or large. Companies understand that expanding from regional or national focus to international competitive market requires strategic, quantifiable, achievable and time-critical goals (Werhane, 2012).

Since the collapse of the Soviet Union and the onset of the “third wave” of democracy, spreading across former communist regimes, foreign direct investment (FDI) has skyrocketed to unprecedented levels. It seems now as if though engaging in foreign direct investment outweighs establishing trade relations (dependent on the formal and informal trade barriers and economies of scale). Many countries have benefited drastically to the increased investment into their economies and their labour population. Though, other countries have not been able to secure viable and long lasting investment opportunities because of the nature of their political system. Possibly one of the most surprising and interesting cases where a country has failed in this endeavor is that of Russia. Russia has always had several difficulties in attracting FDI, this paper will demonstrate how Russian difficulties in attracting FDI are a cause of the countries weak, democratic, domestic institutions, its corrupted political system, and its conflict [more recently] with the West. This paper will demonstrate which factors attract and dissuade Multi-National-Corporations (MNCs) to engage in investment abroad, and what countries can do to signal the quality of their markets to such investors. In doing so, we will be able to compare the Russian state to the theoretical framework in which is established, and see how and why Russia is lacking. Adding further to the ongoing discussion we will attempt to connect the

Going global has become an obvious choice for multinational companies. But spreading across the globe is not a secret to success or revenue generation, on itself. The opportunities in international markets have shown significant growth and potential for multinational companies. The capital, technology and skills of multinational companies invested in the local markets have created a good economic situation in the host countries. The developing countries have benefitted from the brand’s new standards, quality goods and low prices. The host country also benefits from either positive or neutral employment options. Foreign direct investment is having substantial impact on different economies in different ways. But nevertheless all these benefits in the developing markets are very small when compared to the potential market it offers to the international companies. According to Keeler (2015), multinational companies have been shifting their focus extensively towards developed countries as well. The key with the developed countries is their productivity and technological developments. The increase is from half to two-thirds when compared to 2013. Multinational companies across the globe have increased productivity and have brought into good practices in the food retail industry both in the developed and developing countries. But the truth is no company has been able to establish themselves as a global dominator in the market sector. In the

Understanding the relation between country image and consumer brand equity is very important for many reasons, first the spread of globalization and the increase of international businesses which facilitate the transfer of the products from one country to consumers in other countries. Second, firms in developed countries start to shift the production lines to other countries to benefit from the cheap labor and low transportation cost. Finally firms sell their products in other countries for strategic reasons economy of scale. Putting into consideration the importance of brand equity as an asset for firm and also it is a source of competitive advantage a firm can rely on in marketing its products, So it is important for the marketers to understand the relationship between country image and brand equity before changing the production to other countries. (Pappu, Quester, Cooksey, 2007).

Pakistan matters because this country is the corridor between the Eastern Asia and the Middle East. It is one of the seven declared nuclear weapon states with one of the largest armies in the world. Pakistan is important because it has been part of five declared wars in the past sixty years with its neighboring country, India. The country is also at war with few of the most dangerous terrorist groups in the world like Al-Qaeda, Taliban, etc. It is one of the main allies of the United States and United Kingdom. Pakistan is one of the most complex democracies of the world. Its different ethnicities, languages and regions make it one of the most diverse nations in the world. The country was founded on the Westminster model, but the government has been overthrown by military leaders three times since Pakistan’s creation. That makes it function differently from Britain. Many dismissed the Pakistani economy for years because of its poor frugality and government functionality. It has constantly faced a rapid economic fall in the past few years, forcing the world to pay attention.

International branding is about maintaining a balance between being local and being global. Brand ideas, concepts and values, have to remain unchanged, but the ways to relay and make them appealing to local persons vary. Ideas and values can be general, but the method of communication cannot. Developing an appealing brand is a hard and complicated task. Even local brands encounter many challenges, like the main pledge of the communicating corporation, the incorporation of the communication process and building brand associations. Nonetheless, in the global branding those challenges immeasurably increase. Two conflicting and even seemingly contradictory challenges exist in the global branding. A global brand has to remain effortlessly recognized at any international locality and, at the same point, to be well-matched with the local traditions, customers and cultures’ way of perception. In other words, brands have to remain local and international at the same time. This is the main challenge that most brands face. Not so many multinational corporations can boast of finding victorious solutions to it. This paper gives some insight on the international branding and challenges faced when dealing with an international brand.

These areas were neglected by the British being closer to the borders. It was considered safer to invest in central India which was beyond the reach of enemy air force. The affluent class in Pakistan was mostly Hindus and Sikhs and they transferred their wealth to India. Thus, at the time of its birth, Pakistan was virtually an “economic desert”13 and the masses were abysmally poor. There was “an acute famine of commodities of every day use.”14 The authorities, who were administering the country, were more interested in the procurement of goods and development of the country rather than promoting the cause of democratic governance. Pakistan’s low literacy, bad infrastructure, and instability made it difficult to take advantage of what is commonly called “globalization”. It did not produce much to offer in the exports market except low value primary goods, its work-force was not educated, and the government controlled trade and investment suffered for political reasons, partly due to mutually constrained relations with neighbouring India.

Therefore, since independence, the main objective of Pakistan’s foreign policy has been to protect its territorial integrity against a possible attack from India—to ensure national security from external threats. An important aspect of Pakistan’s foreign policy is that its relations with India mainly determine its attitude towards the other nations. It has conjured up threat from India, and by constantly harping on its fear of India; Pakistan has tried to win the sympathy of the superpowers. However, the basic force behind Pakistan foreign policy is its security and survival, both economic and military.