The Expansion Of Multinational Corporations ( Mncs ) Essay

Globalisation is the growing collectiveness of our world economy, tending towards functioning as a singular entity opposed to multiple separate constituents (Longman,2002). Globalisation is not a modern process, and has been taking place for a considerable length of time as stated by Ellwood (2001:12) ‘Globalisation is a new word which describes an old process’. The process itself is fuelled by human innovation and technical progress, this in turn is spearheaded by sizable companies referred to as multinational or transnational companies (MNCs or TNCs), in an effort to expand their operations these businesses expand their global reach in search of new business opportunities, resulting in an interconnectedness between an expansive range of economies. This essay aims to assess the causes of globalisation as well as analysing its effects, not just economically but on a cultural and political level.

I feel that transnational cooperation’s have had a large impact on globalisation. A transnational corporation (Multinational Corporation) TNC is a corporation or enterprise that manages production establishments or delivers services in at least two countries such as Coca Cola and Nike. Very large multinationals have budgets that exceed those of many countries. Multinational corporations can have a powerful influence in international relations and local economies and play an important role in globalisation. I feel that the economy is the most significant motivating force

Multinational companies operate in more than one country outside of its originating country. Due to the vast sizes of most MNC local communities are developed by the creation of jobs and increasing community wealth. The growth strategy of MNC have positive and negative effects on the host countries economy via the reduction in market and production costs and increasing technology and efficiency. The largest down fall is from the competitor stand point as most MNC will put surrounding store owners out of business. Wal-Mart is currently if not the world largest MNC and throughout this discussion I will critically discuss the cost and benefits likely to have occurred as a result of its takeover of Asda.

British grocery and general merchandise retailer Tesco PLC had announced they were to depart from their international operations within Japan and the United States markets, Tesco had stated that they were to end of such operations due it being unprofitable (Reuters, 2013). This paper seeks out to critically analyse and address the factors which had led to Tesco’s failure in the Japanese and United States market. To aid in justifying the influences in Tesco’s departure relevant international business literature will be evaluated for the suggested reasons for the exit. Furthermore, Part (B) of the paper seeks out to discuss the management of transnational businesses , a range of theories concerning the internationalisation of firms will be compared and contrasted, for instance the explanations presented by Vernon, Johnson and Dunning will aid towards the reasons for the internationalisation process of emerging market multinationals.

There are so many ways to evaluate the role of TNCs, and how they shape and contribute to the economy. Before all this one must understand what globalization is and why it is very important to TNCs. Globalization is simply the integration of culture, trade, natural resources and factors of production between nations. But, economic globalization refers to increasing economic interdependence of national economies across the world through a rapid increase in cross-border movement of goods, services, technology and capital (Shangquan, 2000). The main key players are transnational corporations (TNC) sometimes known as multinational corporations (MNC).TNC’s are firms that have attained the power needed to co-ordinate and operate across the boundaries of many nations. Usually the main purpose of TNCs is to maximize profit and increase their selling market. This is why many TNCs are interested in globalization because without an effective and free trade global economy, many (if not all) will not be able to function and be successful. Some economist feel differently about how TNC’s

Over the years, Multinational enterprise have matured and developed into large companies that they are now part of our everyday lives. Form the use of mobile phones to the cars, personal computers and their software and even the beverage we drink, most of these products are supplied by Multinational companies. Their existence has great impact on our lives. In the world today, Multinational enterprises are powerful companies and they own resources in excess that most host countries possess. These companies are so powerful that they turn out to be power centers that can manipulate the host countries and even international organizations and at times the affairs in its home country.

It’s likely that the paper that this essay is printed on was produced in the Amazon forest, processed in a South American Factory and shipped on a German made ship to different countries. This is just one aspect of Globalisation. More globally globalisation reflects interconnectivity of markets, people and culture around the word. Today’s world is interconnected like never before, and corporations are trading, expanding, and employing across the continents. Multinational businesses are changing the way that the world works, having new and far-reaching impacts on their customers, business partners, geographical bases, and their suppliers – from established concerns to the independent farmer or craftsperson. The term globalisation is one that is used with ever increasing frequency as if it had a universally accepted meaning and definition. According to Modelski, globalisation is a historical process which is characterised by a growing engagement between peoples on all corners of the globe (Modelski, 2003, pp.55-59) The main aim of this essay is to explain the process of globalisation, and to critically analyse one business in which has been impacted by globalisation, I will be focusing on The Starbucks Company throughout this essay. The main case study which will be referred to throughout this essay is the worldwide brand Starbucks, which has become a global company as a result of globalisation. The essay will start by defining and explaining globalisation. It

Globalisation, in the most basic sense, could be defined as the growth of business activity communications and movements of individuals over the national, political and geographic boundaries (Johnson et al. 2014). According to Hill, there are two main facets of globalization, includes globalization of markets and production (Hill, Cronk, Wickramasekera, 2014). The historically different and distinctive national markets are integrating into a single huge global marketplace in which the perceptions and preferences of customers in different countries are beginning to unite as a single global standard; examples are McDonald’s hamburger (US), IKEA furniture (Sweden). The globalization of production allow firms to locate products and services from different sites around the globe in an attempt to make benefits of dissimilarities in the price and quality of elements of production, thus allowing them to compete more efficiently against their competitors; an example is Boeing’s 777 and 787 ‘Dreamliner’ commercial aircrafts (Hill, Cronk, Wickramasekera, 2014). According to Hill, globalisation is occurring because the advances in technology that have allowed people, goods, resources, money and data to travel around the globe from different locations faster than before; moreover, the reductions in trade and investment barriers have significantly increased business activities between states. The theory also states that there are two key drivers of globalization, includes the declining in

1) What are the two types of pressures that firms competing in the global marketplace typically face? Pressures for cost reductions and Pressures to be locally responsive

A multinational corporation or a “MNC” can be defined as a company operating in at least one other country besides its home country. A MNC can be a closed system, in which it produces within said country and sells to that country only. Most MNC’s, though, are open systems in which they produce in one country and sell to another. MNC’s are driven by the law of supply and demand. Supply and demand affect open systems differently as labor is in one country and the selling of products in another and the cycle of products is on a much larger scale. A company looking to become international, if incorporated, will become a multinational corporation.

The global landscape of business is continually expanding and major companies are crossing borders in their daily business activities. As these multinational corporations branch into new areas, known as emerging markets, they will face a plethora of risk, challenges, and opportunities. Branding and sustainability are two major aspects of a business and emerging markets provide a different landscape that will require strategic changes and innovative solutions. One of the major ramifications of these corporations entering emerging markets, is their coherence to the principles of corporate social responsibility (CSR). Whereas much of the past research on this topic focuses primarily on the risks and challenges a company faces in such a situation, this paper will focus primarily on the positive implications of Multinational Corporations (MNCs). This paper will look to answer what CSR efforts should be taken by MNCs? What are the risk, challenges, and benefits to MNCs and the emerging market? What are the effects on the MNCs brand when they participate in CSR? How is the nature of the emerging market important when taking into consideration CSR? Given the stature and resources that many MNCs have, they have the potential to make a major positive impact on emerging markets in the realm of ethics, rights, and quality of life.

Regional Trade Agreements and Global trade liberalization are common terms that are used to analyze different market structures in the market. According to international economics, RTAs (Regional Trading Agreements) are the agreements in which members give each another privileged treatment with respect to the extent by which the trade barriers have been established. On the other side, Global Trade liberalization is a general term referring to the depletion of trade boundaries globally to ensure free trade among all state. Ideally, Free trade agreements are sometimes more formal than the Global Trade liberalization policies. It is deemed that Regional Trade Agreements are yielded from the Global Trade liberalization. That is; it is an

Globalization has created a paradigm shift in the ways by which firms conduct their business. The convergence of world economies has minimized-and in some cases eliminated-both legislative and geographical barriers to international production and sale of goods and services. The flip-side of this process is the increased competition for world markets created especially by the threat of multinational firms to local firms (Garry & Litan, 1998). Local firms must find ways to compete and survive the threat of take-over and crowding out of the market by multinational producers who enjoy favorable economies of scale. This is effectively achieved by ways of in themselves creating this very economy of scale; expanding business operations helps them lower the marginal cost of production allowing them to therefore provide a favorable pricing policy within the market.

“Researchers and theorists suggest that the skills and techniques of a MNC are very different than those of an organization without a global presence.”

Globalization has made the globe considerably smaller.  States lines have turned into practically a divider separating certain regions of a massive unitary community.  Businesses are the one that are highly affected by this occurrence.  The virtual closeness of states has made trade and commerce an international event.  Together with these advances, the key standards of business are similarly taken into account.  The discussions in this paper shall involve an analysis of the international expansion strategy utilized by a multinational company.  In this case, the situation surrounding McDonald’s will be taken into consideration.  The