The Exploration And Development Of Coal Seam Gas

Finally, in order to complete a more accurate comparison between the two projects, we utilized the EANPV as the deciding factor. Under current accepted financial practice, NPV is generally considered the most accurate method of predicting the performance of a potential project. The duration of the projects is different, one lasts four years and one lasts six years. To account for the variation in time frames for the projects and to further refine our selection we calculated the EANPV to compare performance on a yearly basis.

Evaluating the risks, calculating the probability of success, and factoring in the projected profit from sales will provide a clearer NPV to be compared with other projects in the

Along with the Benefit Measurement Method, Constrained optimization method can also be used which involves mathematical approach. Since this method involves the mathematical approach, several calculations are performed in order to take a decision to accept or reject the project. “Mathematical models, also known as Constrained Optimization Methods, are a category of project selection methods, which is a tool and technique of the Develop Project Charter process” (PMP, 2008). Cost-benefit analysis is one of the methods which fall into this category. All the positives and negatives of the project are taken into consideration and then the negatives are carefully excluded from the benefits. Different results are produced for the different projects. The most worthy and financially rewarding option are selected from these results. When employing this method, there are many things that are to be considered such as the impact of the decision on the development of the organization in the future, the length of time the equipment lasts and whether it is possible to do the cost control during the project.

Have you ever thought about how your able to use a TV or lamp? There are people who have to work in mines or around dangerous machinery just so we can have that privilege. Thousands of miners and other people have been killed because of coal mining. Coal mining has brought some good thought taxes and jobs created. The most important effects of coal mining on the state of West Virginia are thousands of jobs being created, coal affecting West Virginia economically, and coal being used for energy.

The Cost Benefit Analysis (CBA) was conducted so that the stakeholders could make an informed decision

Coal seam gas (CSG) is mostly composed of methane and is typically attached to coal underground. This gas is released when pressure on the coal seam is reduced by removing water from the seams (Queensland Government, 2014 ). In order to obtain the gas, wells are drilled into the coal seams, bringing water from the coal seams to the surface. This process reduces pressure and allows the gas to be released (Queensland Government, 2014 ). CSG is an important energy resource in Queensland and production of this gas takes up an ever-increasing proportion of Queensland gas use.

Finally, in regards to alternative analysis the purpose of a no project alternative “is to allow decision makers to compare the impacts of approving the proposed project with the impacts of not approving the proposed project” (CEQA GUIDELINES, 15126.6, subd. (e)(1).) In this court case if the project “is the revision of an existing land use or regulatory plan, policy or ongoing operation, the ‘no project’ alternative will be the continuation of the existing plan, policy or operation into the future” (CEQA Guidelines, 15126.6, subd. (e)(3)(A).)

The Eagle Ford Shale (EFS) is a hydrocarbon producing formation in South Texas, where it can be seen on the surface as clay soil, with depths ranging from 4,000 ft to 12,000 ft. It has an approximate extension of 21,000 km2 (Treadgold: 2011, Figure 6-2) and covers more than 24 counties according to the Rail Road Commission (RRC). It is part of the Upper Cretaceous System which trends across the state from the Mexican border in Southwest Texas into East Texas (Bownman: 2011). Basic patterns of regional Cretaceous structure of the EFS area were set by Triassic and Jurassic tectonism associated with the opening of the Gulf of Mexico (Figure 6-1, Table 3).

Brian, W. 2014 ‘Evidence, uncertainty, and wicked problems in climate change decision making in Australia’, Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy, vol. 32(4), pp.663-679.

Seminars are the platform to meet the people with same interest and learn a lot at one clip with most material compressed in short. And, we as petroleum engineers, seminars will help us a lot to gain more knowledge and understand those lectures which are left unanswered in our minds.

The term “unconventional mining” refers to the removal of gas from unconventional deposits. This includes shale gas (shale rock), tight gas (certain sandstones mainly) and coal seam gas mining (from coal seams). (“Fracking in western Australia - the basics,” 2015) The extraction of Shale and tight gas in particular relies upon a controversial practice called hydraulic fracturing or “fracking”. This technique may also be used in coal seam gas extraction, although less frequently. Unconventional mining – mainly fracking - has become an increasingly politically sensitive issue in Australia and around the world, to the point where it may even help swing seats in regional areas. Conventional coal and gas mining does not involve extraction from unconventional reservoirs, and thus almost never involves fracking, although there are many other issues associated with it. (Hepburn & Cook, 2015) The fracking process itself involves drilling a deep well into an underground rock formation, which then has fluids pumped into it at extremely high pressures – pressures high enough to form small scale cracks in the extremely hard rock. The high pressure of the fluid causes the rock to shatter, after which the fluid is mostly withdrawn and gas is released. “Unconventional gas” is found in gas deposits trapped within deep geological formations, often within shale rock, coal deposits or tight sandstone. Most deposits exploited in Australia can be found close to east coast and also in the south of

The industry is expected to generate around 103 000 full time jobs, cause the national economy to more than double to $65 billion by 2020 and provide over $850 million in royalty revenue annually. Coal Seam Gas is a proven to be a cleaner, alternative energy source than electricity generated by coal because electricity generated from it produces around half the emissions in comparison. A study released by APPEA showed that for every tonne of greenhouse gas emissions generated by CSG production in Australia, up to 9 tonnes of emissions are avoided in the Asia-Pacific region when this gas is substituted for coal in electricity generation – an obviously more efficient source of energy compared to those currently used. CSG ticks all the right boxes, however, the Government and all those supporting the gas movement must ask themselves – what is the price we, as consumers, are willing to pay for the progress of this industry. Are the citizens of Australia willing to potentially aid in the deconstruction of the agricultural sector in their own country, a vital industry in our development as a nation and one that perhaps holds just as much importance as the budding gas

As per the recent laws coal power plants have to reduce their carbon emissions or would have to face a closure in US. The client, GST/PEPPL, has developed a technology which can be installed to the coal power plants to reduce the carbon emissions well below the required emission levels. This technology not only helps to reduce the emissions but also produce byproducts such as carbon black, activated carbon and carbon credits that can be used by coal power plant as source of revenue when sold in the market. Although, technically the GST/PEPPL technology is the one of the best solution for current emission problem at present, however client wanted to understand how GST/PEPPL can show coal power plant companies the financial benefit of using this technology. This is when the client approached the UIOWA MBA consultant group to develop a flexible, free cash flow, forecast model that helps the end user (coal power plant) to determine if the GST/PEPPL technology would add value to the plant. We developed this model to help coal power plant determine the forecasted cash flow to shareholders via three financing option for technology. By evaluating these options: technology purchase, long-term lease, or coal markup agreement, as well as the sensitivity for these options, end user could determine if the technology is financially viable for them. Further, client also wanted to see if this technology is financially feasible without the sale of byproducts. The important

Executive Summary: The Fly Ash Brick Project Case highlights a project idea between two potential business partners Rajiv Sharma and Alok Gupta. Rajiv has had a business idea for a long time regarding the manufacturing of Fly Ash Bricks, a construction material made up of recycled coal residue and three other materials (Gypsum, Lime, and Sand). He has been doing market research on the feasibility for this venture, and as an important step of the process, he must calculate the financial risk and potential of this business plan. He is relying on a cost-volume-profit (CVP) analysis to determine if this project is a reality for him financially.

Environmental economics provides an appropriate set of analytical tools to understand CPRs even though most regulation draws largely on the logics of population biology (Barkin p. 37). The discussion continues to recognise scientific based secretariat rule proposals being undermined by states final decision making power, and how sovereign representatives avoid advice in favour of free rider benefits.