The Fading Affect Bias

This paper will aim to define narcissistic personality disorder as a whole. The document will cover the topics of symptoms, prevalence, and contributing factor. In addition to covering the general description of the disorder the paper will present a case study to provide a clearer image of the parameters of NPD. 2 scientific studies will be presented in order to offer empirical data regarding NPD and to add knowledge recently acquired through experimentation.

Narcissism is easy to see in someone through their personality traits. In Bob Stretch’s presentation, he suggest that the best way to access someone’s personality is through measuring using the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator and the Big Five Model (Stretch,2009, Slide 4) Completing this is most helpful in the hiring process. I believe that if my boss would do this we could seek out potential employees who would help the business succeed instead of damaging it by being narcissism or

Thoughts can be fleeting, however some of the feelings resulting from thought and can have a long lasting impact on the mental state of a person. In my metacognitive exploration I found an interesting comparison between the way in which I think and approach my past feelings and the methods which Tim O’Brien, from The Things They Carried, and Paul D from Beloved express their thinking about the past. I have discovered that the expression of thoughts, including memories and feelings, is the key to a healthy mental state of a person.

58). The 20 traits and behaviors that are assessed in the PCL-R are conning/manipulative, grandiose sense of self- worth, glibness/superficial charm, lack of remorse or guilt, lack of realistic, long-term goals, shallow affect, impulsivity, irresponsibility, pathological lying. As well as, failure to accept responsibility for ones own actions, revocation of conditional release, criminal versatility, parasitic life style, callous/lack of empathy, poor behavior controls, promiscuous sexual relations, early behavior problems, many short-term marital relationships, juvenile delinquency, and a need for stimulation/prone to boredom (Hare et al., 2006 p. 63).

Jean M. Twenge is a famous professor of psychology in San Diego State University. People know Twenge for her study of narcissism. Her infamous and debatable book Generation Me: Why Today’s Young American Are More Confident, Assertive, Entitle- and More Miserable than Ever Before, draws in a lot of attention from psychologists, researchers, as well as common people. Twenge can be seen as a leader for accusing the rise of narcissism in Generation Y. She conducted her study by collecting data from 25 years of personality surveys. She used the answers from the survey to conclude that Millennials are narcissists. With regard to personality surveys, psychologists use indirect and unclear statements to trick people and to expose the inflated ego (Greenberg). Undirected statements in the surveys have too many meanings. Its

The purpose of this assignment is to have you explore dimensional facets of, the composite hypothetical construct, “personality.” You will do this by studying, self-administering, and then interpreting and reporting on the results of, several “personality tests.”

Twenge, J. M., Konrath, S., Foster, J. D., Campbell, W. K., & Bushman, B. J. (2008). Egos inflating over time: A crosstemporal meta-analysis of the Narcissistic Personality Inventory. Journal of Personality, 76, 875–902.

Whereas the recall of false memory experienced by the participants undertaken in the experiment conducted by Stephen Porter and Angela R. Birt.,2000 suggests that false memories may derive from a social negotiation between particular interviewers and rememberers from using the NEO-FFI. The participants in this study and the study conducted by the researcher Stephen Porter 2000, both used the

They will often have strong reactions to even minor negative events and have a hard time handling stressful situations. Conversely, someone who is low on neuroticism will rarely experience strong negative states and will be much more stable emotionally. They will generally stay calm and handle stressful situations well. Choosing neuroticism as our second independent variable allows us to fill gaps in the previous research by examining the possibility of implicit egotism caused by negative self-associations and learning more about how personality traits affect implicit egotism.

But first we need to know what narcissism is, so there will be an introduction about different kinds of narcissism.

Fading affect bias is a finding that the intensity of the affect that are associated with negative autobiographical memories tends to fade faster than affect associated with positive autobiographical memories. For example, when someone is initially turned down for a job, the individual may initially experience feelings of distress or sadness, but over time, they may begin to feel relief and decide that not being hired for that position turned out for the better. (Walker & Skowronski, 2009) Dissimilarly, an article by Baumeister, Bratslavsky, Finkenauer, and Vohs published in 2001 hypothesizes that, according to multiple literatures, it is the “negatively valenced” events in our lives that have the most significant emotional and psychological

I should be able to not rely on this source heavily because I will be getting other sources that are less subjective. This source hasn’t really changed my thinking but it has given me an idea into the world of those who suffer from narcissistic personality disorder.

Narcissism is described with 3 words: less extreme acts of vanity, conceit and egotism (s.3 , l.35). These words directly refers to the people who are psychologically affected by ‘’new narcissism have very high thoughts about themselves.

Thoughts can be fleeting, however some of the feelings resulting from thought and can have a long lasting impact on the mental state of a person. In my metacognitive exploration I found an interesting comparison between the way in which I think and approach my past feelings and the methods which Tim O’Brien, from The Things They Carried, and Paul D from Beloved express their thinking about the past. I have discovered that the expression of thoughts, including memories and feelings, is the key to a healthy mental state of a person.

The main criticism of the 16 Personality Factor analysis is its inability to be replicated. Cattell was not able to persuade other psychologists of his views (Schultz, 2015, p. 225) . It was through investigation into Cattell's model, that Robert McCrae amd Paul Costa identified the “Big Five” factors.