The Feasibility of Coleus Blumei Cv. as a Colorant in the Production of Permanent Ink Using Banana Sap as Ink Vehicle

Throughout the past there have been countless number of innovations, inventions, and discoveries that shaped the human world. One of these magnificent inventions was the Printing Press. A printing press is a machine for printing ink onto a substrate (print medium) such as paper or cloth. The device applies pressure to a substrate that rests on an inked surface made of movable type, then transferring the ink. Usually used for making texts, the invention and the spread of the printing press are widely considered as among the most influential events in human history, revolutionizing the way people look at the world they live in. Without it, we could still be hand writing all the books we have today. The Printing Press was created around the year 1440 by Johannes Gensfleisch zur Laden zum Gutenberg (aka Johann Gutenberg). He was a German blacksmith,

Boynton, R.M. 1987. Color. In McGraw-Hill Encyclopedia of Science & Technology (Vol. 4, 165-166) McGraw-Hill, Inc.

Photosynthesis is the process by which green plants and some other organisms use sunlight to synthesize foods from carbon dioxide and water. The photosynthesis process and their capability of producing organic materials from CO2 is having a big influence in the biosphere. The process of photosynthesis generates the plants to take two inorganic substances, CO2 and water, and also light, and remodel their atoms to make the organic compounds on which life depends: (McGraw-Hill)

Our group decided the pen was Vis-a-Vis wet erase marker for multiple reasons. This first reason was that the colors appeared very similar, as most other pens appeared very dark with shades of blue on the TLC, while Vis-a-Vis and the unknown marker were lighter and had shades of yellow and light blue. Our unknown pen

The National Check Fraud Center recommends for people to change the type of pen that he or she signs with in order to protect him or her from falling victim to this crime. The majority of both ballpoint pens and dark-inked markers have a rich dye base. This simply means that switching pen types can help protect individuals from check washing. There are security pens that have a completely different ink base. Among water-resistant inks, the inks’ gel does not allow fluid to pass through it making it a safer pen. Gel pens have been found to be the most impervious pens and have been discovered as counterfeit-proof pens. These counterfeit pens are secure from acetone and many other chemicals used in check washing. According to a recent study performed by the National Check Fraud Center, a specific and inexpensive pen called Uniball 207 makes check washing much more difficult for the check washers. The Uni-ball pen has been around for over 125 years. Originally made of wood, this pen was first started in 1887 by “Niroku Masaki and ten employees in Tokyo… with these wooden pens history begins.” When check washing became a serious problem worldwide the Uni-ball company business leaders began attempting to create a pen to trump all others. Only a few years ago did this company create the

In the Dyes and Crimes laboratory experiment, the phosphorescence, fluorescence, and chemiluminescence properties i.e. traits of several chemicals were examined using (UV) Ultraviolet lamp. Observations on color, intensity, duration of glow, etc. were analyzed to determine the traits of the several chemicals. Correspondingly, the author of the unsigned note was determined through ink extraction, (TLC) Thin Layer Chromatography, (UV-Vis) Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy along with the Rf values for of each individual sample of ink compared to the unknown: the ink of the author on the unsigned note. Phosphorescence substances

After the invention of lithography between 1796 and 1798, came the improved and colorful chromolithography in 1837. This method of lithography was an improved way of making posters with a lot more color. It replaced painting posters by hand, which used to be taking black and white lithographs and coloring them by hand. Lithographers wanted to find a way to print on flat surfaces with the use of chemicals instead of relief printing. The process can be very time-consuming and cumbersome, contingent upon the skill of the lithographer. Depending on the number of colors present, a chromolithograph would take months to produce.

Sharpie markers contain mostly alcohols, however, they also contain ethylene glycol monobutyl ether and permachrome ink. Ethylene glycol monobutyl, also known as 2-butoxyethanol, is an organic compound that is nonvolatile, has a low toxicity, and is used in many domestic and industrial products because of its properties as a surfactant (Wikipedia.com). A surfactant, also known as surface-active agent, according to dictionary.com, is “a substance, such as a detergent,that can reduce the surface tension of a liquid and thus allow it to foam or penetrate solids; a wetting agent”

The argument in the scenario was being made between Abby and Estelle over the pigments in the multicolored coleus plants. Abby was certain that the green section contained chlorophyll, whereas, Estelle claimed that both the green and purple parts of the coleus plants consisted of chlorophyll. A paper chromatography test was conducted to clearly separate the mixture of the pigments in which the mixture was dropped onto a slip of paper and the end was then placed into a solvent.

Ink can be defined as a pigmented substance which can be used to create markings on a surface; however, over the course of history ink has been composed of different materials. The earliest form of ink known to historians, Indian Ink, was created around 2500 BC by the Chinese. This ink was a mixture of soot from pine smoke, lamp oil from animal skins, and musk. Scholars and scribes used this it to record information such as farm accounts, religious texts, and possessions and the people who owned them. Further down the timeline, Europeans created Iron Gall Ink from crushed gall nuts, iron or copper salt, and comarabic (which held the mixture together). Because of its durable nature, people such as Bach, Leonardo Da Vinci, and Van Gogh used it

After it is mixed to a nice dark-green consistency we transferred it to a test tube and mixed it with 0.3ml of petroleum ether. We then added 2ml of 20% NaCl solution and mixed it, making sure we immediately covered the top with film. The next step was the chromatography procedure which started with obtaining a slit of paper and drawing a line horizontally across the paper 2cm from the bottom where the arrow point begins. We then used a fine capillary tube to draw over the pencil line with the dark green pigment mixture. We had to make sure to let the pigment dry before putting another layer on so the paper didn’t rip, but also doing it enough times so that the line is a dark green.

Next, the red and purple dyes were obtained. Using 2 clean toothpicks, the chromatography strips were spotted by placing the toothpick into a dye and then touch the tip gently onto the designated pencil dot. The sample was allowed to dry. The spotting steps were repeated 2 to 3 more times to increase the concentration of

The printing press was created by Johannes Gutenberg in 1455 in Germany and was the discovery of how to print books using separate metal letters to make a page of words (forme). One or two typesetters readied the form, proof readers checked these pages and two journeymen spread Gutenberg’s soot and linseed oil ink all over the forme, before putting damp paper over it and pressing down on it using a screw attached to a wide thick wooden plate.

InkTober is a social media phenomenon that took the artist world by storm. For every day of October, you are to make one drawing that incorporates ink in its media. The theme or subject of drawing is completely up to the artist, as long as the piece has ink— colored or black— then it fits right into InkTober. Then, once you’re satisfied

The Writing Tool Invention by Geroge Frankie is about without writing system in the past, cave man invented the first written languages by tying animal hair as a brush to paint on the cave wall. After several centuries invented the Chinese characters, hieroglyphs Egypt and an alphabetical system we were using now. The writing tool in olden times with the material people wrote on. However, in the Middle East, people used hollow reed pens to write on the wet clay. Meanwhile in Egypt people used a reed with ink write on animal skins or papaya stems. The quill or nibbed pens dipping with ink using before the fountain pens invented. Then the ballpoint pen invented to replace them because the fountain pens was broke easily lead ink leakage.