The Feudal System During The Middle Ages

A: The manor was a largely self sufficient system in which the lord’s land was farmed by his serfs slaves bound to the land. The manor didn’t just include farmers, but artisans who had provided needs for the manor. The Serfs didn’t have any freedom. For working 6 days of a week , they were granted one day to farm to feed their families.

During the Middle Ages social class much different than modern day. In a feudal society “nobles were granted the use of land that legally belonged to the king,” (Doc. 1). The nobles, in return, would give the lord loyalty and military services (Doc. 1). As peasants or serfs worked for nobles and knights they received protection and a portion of the harvest to feed their families (Doc. 1).

During the middle ages the lack of protection and a stable government after the Fall of Rome created the need for a new political system. Feudalism was the political system that emerged and shaped the lives of people socially and politically. Manors were small communities that were made up of a castle, church, village, and land for farming. The structured society provided a place and responsibility for everyone. The feudal obligations showed that in exchange for one thing they would be provided with something else. Serfs and peasants would work and produce goods for the rest of the manor and in return had their land and promised protection. The vassals would need to obtain land from the Lord and in return would provide the Lord with military service, loyalty, and ransom if asked for (Doc. 4). To make clear the vassal’s specific allegiance to their lord whom they owed in for exchange for their fief they would take the Homage Oath (Doc. 2). This interdependent system required everyone to do their part and it created social classes that they were born into. Their daily lives were centered on the manor and that was how it stayed until towns began to

Serfs created a steady food supply for their Manor.Peasants mostly farmed wheat and rye because that was a main source of food for people in the middle ages. They made wheat by scattering grain seeds in plowed soil then when it was golden, they collected it. They used the stems for multiple things and they put the grains in a granary to let it dry and protect it from mice. After it dried, it was beaten with wooden sticks to get the kernels out (Cels 11). This supplied villages with wheat and rye and created a lot of food to eat.Women serfs often had the job to carry the grain in bags to the lord's mill. Peasants made the grain into flour by putting it in between 2 flat stones in the lords mill.The wind powered the mill to make the dough. Once the grain became flower the peasants took it back but had to pay a fee in flour to the lord. If a peasant were to make there own dough in a hand powered mill, they would be fined (Cels 14). Peasants sometimes brought the dough or flour to the manor to make bread to sell. Same as the mill, they had to give the lord some of their bread. They could also be fined if they were caught baking bread at their house (Cels 14).This also created a steady food supply.

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Following the failed Mongol conquests of Central/Eastern Europe and the retreat of the foreign invaders back towards Asia, Europeans faced a whirlwind of illness, plague, and religious conflict on all social and political levels of society. Moreover these disasters and significant events faced throughout the 14th century pushed the medieval lives of peasants, and nobility towards different directions, due to a large mass of death, violence, and disagreements which eventually leads to a need for change and innovation for the rooted feudal system to survive within a changing environment. Nobility attempted to quell rebellion and a desire for change within the masses and for the large majority was rather successful in cementing the peasants role

The societal mindset that was prevalent in medieval Europe, feudalism, phased out due to the bubonic plague and the religious beliefs of the people.

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During the Middle Ages a peasant’s life was, indeed, very rough, there were anywhere from ten to sixty families living in a single village; they lived in rough huts on dirt floors, with no chimneys, or windows. Usually one end of the hut was given over to storing livestock. Furnishings were quite sparse; three legged stools, a trestle table, beds softened with straw or leaves and placed on the floor; the peasant diet was mainly porridge, cheese, black bread, and a few homegrown vegetables. Peasants had a hard life, yet they did not work on Sundays, and they could travel to nearby fairs and markets. The basic diet of a lord consisted of meat, fish, pastries, cabbage, turnips, onions, carrots, beans, and peas, as well as fresh bread, cheese, and fruit. This is by no means equivalent to the meals the peasants ate, a lord might even feast on boar, swan, or peacock as well.

The feudal system of the time operated on the premise of peasants or serfs, and thanes, or lords. The lords owned the land, and the peasants worked on it. In turn, they received the protection

Feudalism was a contrasting system dealing with political and military relationships existing among members of the higher social class, Kings, Lords and other owners of large lands in Western Europe during the Middle Ages. The Feudal system started by the granting of fiefs, chiefly in the form of land and labor, in return the lord would receive political and

Feudalism was the system used in Europe during the late middle ages. The economic part of feudalism was centered on the lord's estate or manor. A lord's manor consisted of a peasant village, a church, farm land, a mill and the lord's castle. Feudalism was split in society levels. Kings would be on top with the most power, then upper lords followed by lesser lords, underneath the lesser lords were the knights, and then the serfs being the lowest social class.

Demographic transition is a model based on birth rate and death rate in a populace. As indicated by this theory, each nation progresses through three distinct phases of population development. In the first stage, the birth rate and the death rate are high and the growth rate of population is low. In the second stage, the birth rate remains steady but the death rate decreases swiftly. Therefore, the growth rate of the population rises rapidly. In the last stage, the birth rate begins falling and tends to parallel the death rate. The growth rate of population is lingering.

Life as a serf or peasant was not easy. Serfs were bound to their lord's land and required to do services for him. Although they could not be sold like slaves, they had no freedom (Ellis and Esler 219-244). Peasants farmed for the goods that the lord and his manor needed. They went through difficult hardship because of this. Peasants were heavily taxed and had to provide for themselves the goods that they needed (“The Middle Ages”). According to the medieval law, the peasants were not considered to 'belong to' themselves (“The Middle Ages”). Although serfs were peasants and had relatively the same duties and similar rights, what differentiated a peasant from a serf was that a peasant was not bound to the land (“The Middle Ages”). Peasants had no schooling and no knowledge of the outside world (Ellis and Esler 219-244). They rarely traveled more than a couple miles outside of their villages. All members of a peasant family, including children, tended crops, farmed, and did some sort of work to help out (Ellis and Esler 224). Very few peasants lived past the age of 35 because of hunger in the winter and the easy development and transmission of disease (Ellis and Esler 224).

Feudalism, as a decentralized political system, flourished in Medieval Europe. In this essay, the main political and economic characteristics of Feudalism will be mentioned, while discussing the main historical factors to the rise and fall of feudalism.