The Field Water Samples

The following tests according to the lab manual were performed: gram stain, fermentation tubes, methyl red, vogues proskauer, sulfur, indole, motility and growing it up on MacConkey agar. The gram stain was performed incorrectly the first time. This is because the decolorizer was not on the bacterium slide for long enough, giving a false outcome.

This experiment was centered on metabolic and biochemical testing procedures. The rationale of performing these tests was to distinguish six different microbes from one another and to compare how their metabolic and biochemical processes differ from species to species to determine the unknown sample.

The use of multiple test tubes and Parafilm was used for each experiment. Catechol, potato juice, pH 7 phosphate buffer, and stock potato extract 1:1 will be used to conduct the following experiments: temperature effect on enzyme activity, the effect of pH on enzyme action, the effect of enzyme concentration, and the effect of substrate concentration on enzyme activity. For the temperature effect on enzyme activity, three test tube were filled with three ml of pH 7 phosphate buffer and each test tube was labels 1.5 degrees Celsius, 20 °C, and 60 °C. The first test tube was placed in an ice-water bath, the second test tube was left at room temperature, and the third test tube was placed in approximately 60°C of warm water. After filling the test tubes with three ml of the

6. The disks in the 0.00% solution were transferred to an agar plate held next to the blue flame using the sterilized tweezers. Excess disinfectant was removed from the disks by wiping on the side of the well of the spotting tile. When the 5 disks were positioned (refer to Figure 1 below) the lid was replaced and sticky taped down. A label was added indicating the concentration of disinfectant.

In the Chemistry of Natural Waters Lab we were to collect a sample of water, ranging from a fountain, stream, bottle, or tap water. After we collected the samples we all did many tests to see what the hardness was for each one. Water hardness is determined by the amount of Calcium and Magnesium in the water.(2) Water that has more Calcium or Magnesium is considered to be harder than water with less of those two elements. When you use soap and detergent, this is where you see water hardness coming into play in everyday life when you are washing things.

“Waterlily” by Ella Cara Deloria begins with a woman named Bluebird giving birth to a child named Waterlily while away from the caravan. The story shifts to a memory from Bluebird’s childhood about how she lost her family to a possibly raid or attack by another tribe while gathering supplies. However, the only other living relative happens to be her grandmother. Later, Bluebird and her grandmother set off to find a neighboring tribe. Eventually, Bluebird meets a young man named Star Elk. Bluebird goes on to marry Waterlily’s father, Star Elk, who happens to be a terrible husband. However, Bluebird remarries Rainbow. The story finally shifts to focus solely on Waterlily. During her childhood, Waterlily and her family are invited to attend a Sun Dance. Also, she witness her cousin, Leaping Fawn, participating in a Virgin’s fire and learning the proper way to accept a marriage. Eventually, Waterlily is brought by Sacred Horse because she felt that she must fulfill these obligations due to her family. However, Waterlily has a hard time adjusting to her new life and the new role she has to play. Waterlily begins to miss her family and people but she finds a sense of comfort with Red Leaf’s parents. She is finally able to relax with people she can relate to. Back at camp, an outbreak of smallpox spreads throughout the tiyospaye due to buffalo blankets. Sadly, Sacred Horse catches the sickness and requests to die alone. Leaving a pregnant Waterlily without a husband. Waterlily and

[1] Ruth's memory of her childhood includes the explanation of her drastic separation from her family, that explains why she always avoids the topic of her family when it's brought up. Ruth is hesitant to remember the memories of her painful past.

The Color Of Water: A Black Man's Tribute to His White Mother, by James McBride is a Multiple Point-of-View novel in which a white mother and her black son deal with a recurring question: Is it possible to reject certain parts of one's Identity? They each find themselves lost in a world of racial and religious prejudice. Determined to start a new life, the mother, Ruth, leaves home with one goal: to leave behind her old identity. While searching for a new life, Ruth learns that her own view on topics such as race and religion are sometimes more meaningful to her life than the traditions she had once grown up learning. She uses the method of rejection to not only push her past behind her, but to also open up a world of new opportunities for her new identity.

Restriction Enzyme Digestion – The experiment was begun after putting on gloves to avoid any chemical contact with the skin. Four microtest tubes were obtained, and each of them was labeled to contain the different enzymes or suspect DNA. Two of the microtest tubes were used for suspect one and the two different restriction enzymes, while two other microtest tubes were labeled for suspect two and the two restriction enzymes. After labeling the tubes, the contents that were at the bottom were taken out by slightly tapping them. Then to begin setting up the enzyme reactions, a micropipette was used to obtain 10 μL of the reaction buffer which was added to each of the four test tubes. The buffer is important because it carries the electrical current from the power supply in the gel. After the reaction buffer was in each, the microtest tubes were individually filled with their specific enzymes and DNA, shown in summary through Table 1.1 below. The restriction enzymes are used to cleave the DNA at specific

The Color of Water is the story of about a young black man, James McBride, finding himself through his mother, Ruth McBride. He tells his story, focusing on his childhood in New York City. His white mother also tells her story, where she was raised a Jew. She married a black man and had eight children, including James. Before James was even born, her husband died. She remarried to another black man and had four more children, all black. While growing, James and his siblings look for answers about their odd lives in their mother. One of their common questions is about skin color. After church one day, James asks his mother about the color of God. “ ‘What color is God’s spirit’ ‘It doesn’t have a color,’ she said. ‘God is the color

In part II of the lab six small glass tubes were obtained in a test tube rack. Ten drops of distilled water were then added to test tube 1, five drops to tubes 2-4, and no drops in tubes 5 and 6. Five drops of 0.1M HCl were added to test tube 5 and five drops of 0.1M NaOH to test tube 6. Five drops of enzyme were then added to all tubes except tube 1. Tube 3 was then placed in the ice bucket and tube 4 was placed in the hot bucket at 80-900C for five minutes, the remaining tubes were left in the test tube rack. After the five minutes five drops of 1% starch was added to every tube and left to sit for ten minutes. After ten minutes five drops of DNSA were then added to all the tubes. All the tubes were then taken and placed in the

Laboratory ABC uses both glass pipettes (1mL to 5mL) and disposable plastic pipette tips- yellow (20μL), blue (1000μL) and white (5mL). Glass pipettes and white pipette tips are currently washed and reused. Blue and yellow tips are discarded.

With the results of the Starch Hydrolysis Test I preceded to the final test which is the Citrate Test. Using aseptic technique, I streaked the organism onto the surface of the Simmons’ citrate slant and let it incubate overnight at 37°C. The Citrate Test determines if the organism is able to

-Sterility: Each sample will placed in a sealed bag, preventing the introduction of extraneous bacteria.

A sterile pipette was used to add 0.1ml of E. coli culture to the pH 3.0 tube. This was then repeated for the tubes at pH 7.0 and pH 9.The tubes were then incubated at 37oC for 48 hours. This was then repeated for saline culture of Saccharomyces cerevisiae but incubated for 72 hours at 25oC.