Wound Healing Essay

Inflammation normally occurs as a second response when damage tissues. Inflammation can occur immediately however

The process of wound healing is often broken down into three phases: the inflammatory, the proliferative and the remodeling. The first phase (acute inflammation) prepares the wound site for healing. Summarize what happens during the next two phases – the proliferative and remodeling. (Refer to the video: Wound Healing Process.)

The first couple of paragraphs include an explanation of what is considered a complex wound and the current available treatments. It is beneficial that the authors include an explanation of what the problem is so that the reader can have a better understanding of why this issue is of concern. The paragraphs then transition towards the types of treatments available for the problem and a description of why the current treatments are not sufficient for restorative care.

Fluid building up in the tissues caused by an inflammation response, triggered by the repeated stresses on the tissues, can lead to maceration of the deeper tissues, resulting in wounds and ulcers. Especially in patients with limited healing due to circulation conditions and diabetes, or those suffering peripheral neuropathy (Fig 3)

The inflammation reaction to a skin cut is beneficial. When we have a skin cut or a trauma to the skin. Inflammation is a mechanism of defense; the body will release chemicals like histamine to promote capillary permeability and will increase the number of white blood cells to fight pathogens. This process will lead to healing the wound.

Wound healing can be defined as the physiology by which the body replaces and restores function to damaged tissues (Tortora and Grabowski, 1996). The emergency response to a burning building by the fire brigade and the other professionals involved in restoring it to full occupancy can be used as an

Wound infection especially open wounds can become a serious problem especially for individuals with compromised immune systems such as Diabetes Mellitus, people who do not seek medical treatment

When tissue injury occurs, a network of chemical signals activate a host response which is designed to protect and heal the damaged tissues (i.e. inflammation) (Coussens & Werb, 2002). This process involves the activation and migration of leukocytes (neutrophils, monocytes, and eosinophils) to the site of damage as well as recruitment of tissue mast cells (Coussens & Werb, 2002). Additionally, this inflammatory response involves migration of macrophage progenitors, which travel through the venous system to the site of injury. This migratory process is directed to the site of tissue damage by a host of chemotactic factors, among these are cytokines including interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and

Harper, Young, and McNaught, (2014) explain the four distinct phases of wound healing that are identified as hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation and tissue remodeling. Hemostasis is the body’s response to prevent exsanguinations; thusly, the cascading response to injury causes constriction of blood vessels but if continued, leads to tissue hypoxia and acidosis. The next stage of healing is inflammation. This stage is a result of cells that inhibit and prevent infection and once the resulting threat of infection is gone, inflammation will subside. Prolonged inflammation can lead to chronic wound formation. The next stage of healing is proliferation which consists of angiogenesis, formation of granulation tissue, collagen deposition, epitheliazation and wound retraction. It is during this stage the extracellular matrix is laid down forming

While inflammation is often viewed in a negative connotation, inflammation is actually an essential component of the healing process. Inflammation is commonly associated with pain, swelling, and redness; however, these effects are the body’s natural response to injury as blood and white blood cells move into the tissue and stimulate the repair process.2, 29 Therefore it is important to understand that even though certain molecular signals are traditionally identified as pro-inflammatory molecules, they are also critical molecules to support tissue regeneration through stimulation of reparative cells. Only when inflammation persists, as in chronic wounds, can it lead to tissue damage and prevent progression through the healing process. Therefore,

After skin injury complement cascade stimulates the migration of inflammatory cells by releasing vasoactive and chemotactic mediatiors. Macrophages plays a vital role in transition from inflammation to granulation phase by releasing cytokines. In fibroblastic phase fibroblast migrate into the wound and produce new structural framework by deposition of type І and type ІІІ collagen. In maturation phase stimulatory and angiogenetic factors decreases resulting in regression of hyperemia associated with early wound repair.

After opening wounding, the blood vessels in the wound site had spasm which caused clot to formed, after that blood vessels then dilate to allow white blood cells to move through, enzymes and nutrients to reach the wounded area. This leads to a rise in exudate levels so the surround It, erythema, heat, edema, pain and functional disturbance

“The process by which tissue repair takes place is termed wound healing and is comprised of a continuous sequence of inflammation and repair, in which epithelial, endothelial, inflammatory cells, platelets and fibroblasts briefly come together outside their normal domains, interact to restore a semblance of their usual discipline and having done so resume their normal function”. ("The Cellular Biology of Wound Healing" 2016)

The effects of integrin’s vary from the type of protein they are and how they affect a certain part of the body. They are usually surface receptors that will interact with extracellular matrix. There is a family of alpha and beta classes which would usually form heterodimers. They are used for adhesion purposes most of the time and can also transduce a biochemical signal into or out of the cell. This process is called bidirectional, where the can transmit information from in and out of a cell. There are different structures that integrin’s play a role in. Integrin’s can bind to a ligand, where it will form a complex with a biological molecule that will usually serve as a purpose. They can go through a process called activation, where they would have a conformational change of the receptor. They can also trigger a cascade effect, which can change a receptors shape.

Measure of this concept is based on the stages of wound healing and the Centers of Disease Control