The First Data Collection Method

The method that provides the best opportunity for cost data collection was noted as the Bills of Quantity method. This method appears to have advantages over the other methods but yet even with the Bills of Quantity method some potential pitfalls exist.

The experiments quantitative data was collected by completing the experiment, through the involvement of the participants, and then recording the results. The data gathered provides information to be interpreted by those involved in the research experiment and draw conclusions about the results in comparison to the hypothesis. The quantitative data from the reflex blink experiment recorded the frequency that the reflex was demonstrated both with and without a blow of air. This information allows for an accurate determination of whether the initial hypothesis was correct and allows for simple comparison to results of similar studies.

When writing a Research Paper it is important to know different research methods. These methods help to gather and systemize the information and data in order to scientifically prove the validity of the work. Further will be explained ways how to collect the data.

By the year 2050, estimates show that over 9 billion people will inhabit Earth, and it is imperative that agriculture finds a way to feed them all. That is about 1.5 billion more people than there are today. One of the biggest dilemmas that agriculture faces is that relatively very little more land can be converted into land used for agriculture production, without causing irreparable, detrimental effects to the environment The damage that this would cause is the subject for another essay, but the bottom line is that we have to produce this food using the land we already have. The only way we can accomplish this, and the point that I will try to argue, is to combine the best practices organic, or small farms, with those of conventional farms (Foley).

The targeted behavior was observed at the school Daniel attends every day of the week. The observation session took place on 9/4/17 from 10:00-11:00 a.m. Daniel was in his general education classroom, which is a second-grade classroom with 14 other students. The room contains 5 student tables, 15 chairs, teacher desk, kidney table, rocking chair, promethean board, and an array of books and teaching materials, along with student supplies. Daniels classroom has little storage but seems to be organized; the students know where to get items and where to turn in items. During this time of day, the class engages in snack time; this is scheduled on Daniels IEP because of his diabetes so the whole class partakes in a snack during this time. Students are sitting at their groups, eating their snacks and working on center work. The observer was seated on the north side of the room; along this side is a wall of windows with a counter and cabinets. The observer had a clear view and auditory accessibility of the interactions between Daniel and his teacher, Daniel and his para, and Daniel and his peers. The observer only took data on the target behavior (social communication-responding to peers by saying “hi” when prompted). During this observation session, Daniel was working on his spelling words for the week at his group. His peers at his group were also working on the same task. Daniel’s para prompted him with questions about his

There are a few ways, techniques used to gather data in sociology. For this study, we are utilizing techniques of observation, this was done by going out somewhere, like a mall, and watching what the people around you are doing and the activities that are taking place. My observations took place at the Steeplegate Mall in Concord New Hampshire on a Friday in mid-April around four o’clock. I was shocked by what I saw, the mall was no longer as active as it was when I use to go while I was in middle and high school.

The research design for our ideal, imaginary study could be described as a mixed methods study drawing on concurrent quantitative and qualitative techniques for the collection of data and evaluation of related research questions (Gall, Gall & Borg, 2015). The quantitative portion of the study would consist of a survey with close-ended questions that allowed for the retrieval of statistical analysis and results in a numerical representation and a few open-ended questions that would elicit more elaborate answers from participants than would be possible in a close-ended format. The qualitative portion of the study would be more subjective, completely open-ended and include two separate parts. The first

A study that uses the phone, mail, a PC, email, or the Internet as the medium of correspondence can grow geographic scope at a small amount of the expense and time required by perception.

The books and materials used in data collection acted as the source of information for writing the paper. Some of the books related the Indian culture to the different aspects of cultural materialism. (Sen 2004) states an outline on the history of the Indian culture. It describes the Indian culture as a great adversity that has even assimilated children in the great diversity. (Prakash 2005) states the interrelationship between cultural materialism in relationship to the Indian culture. Cultural materialism is made into three layers that include structure, infrastructure, and superstructure. The book presents how a change in one of the factor influences the other. (Kasbekar 2006) gives a description on the leadership system and how they

We studied Portuguese firms for which exporting is a necessity because of the country’s small domestic market (OECD, 2014). According to AICEP Portugal (September, 2015), the principal destination for export goods is the EU28 (mainly Spain, France, Germany, UK), followed by NAFTA and PALOP. Portuguese firms provide an interesting case for our study because internationalization cannot be based solely on cost advantages but also requires a solid product base derived from innovation. A common measure of internationalization is the proportion of foreign sales over total sales (FSTS) for a particular firm (Pla-Barber and Alegre, 2007).

The research topic has been selected, the testable research question is developed, research on the topic has been found, a literature review is completed, and a decision has been made on the research design. Now, one of the most important steps in the research process needs to be accomplished and that is the collection of data. Notwithstanding the research project and whether the method of research is whether qualitative or quantitative, data must be collected. Data collection is essential whether the method of choice is a mail survey, a telephone survey, an interview, an experiment, field research, or secondary data analysis. Data collection is an important aspect of any type of research study. Inaccurate data can impact the results of a study and ultimately lead to invalid results. During the data collection step, a significant amount of time, energy and attention is required. In order to ensure the data collection process is valid and successful, one should adhere to the four steps involved: (1) the construction of a data collection form which is used to organize all data that is collected; (2) the designation of the coding strategy used to represent data on a data collection form; (3) the collection of the actual data; and (4) entry into the data collection form (Salkind, 2012).

The first potential participant I spoke with on the phone asked me a question, “can any staff member volunteer to participate or do they have to be a licensed social worker”? A very valid question and something I had not anticipated. I did not know how to answer her at first. That fact was not part of my research design. As explained by the University of Oxford Personnel Service UAS (2015) “among the standards in research is the practice code of being honest in proposing, conducting and reporting research.” Academic research often has class timeline parameters which puts a strain on the academic researcher. The integrity of the researcher in academic research class may be tested by shortcomings as the result of faults in the design phase. The academic research must choose to do the right thing and act in an ethical manner when situations arise such as in the recruitment of participants and modifications during the data collection phase.

Collecting primary data can be as challenging as a researcher allows it to be. “Most methods of data collection can be used across studies that are classified as qualitative, quantitative or mixed methods. As a matter of fact, the way a specific method is employed for data collection determines the classification of a study to a large extent” (Kumar, 2014, Page 170). The primary data that is collected should be data that a person not only understands, but data that they can clearly analyze. Given the option, the non-experimental methodology seemed to be most comfortable. Lamentations 3:40 states, “Let us search and try our ways, and turn again to the Lord” (KJV). The qualitative method was chosen as the type of data that would be researched. It is important that while collecting data for a research paper, the researcher knows the type of data in which their research paper will consist of. “Qualitative study designs are not as specific, precise and well defined as designs in qualitative research. Also, there is degree or overlap between study designs and methods of data collection. Some of the commonly used designs in qualitative research are: case study design, oral history, focus group studies, participant observation, commonly discussion forums and the reflective journal log” (Kumar, 2014, Page 161). While the researcher is in the process of collecting their primary data, they should know the type of data they are searching for, personally observe the data

Data collection will be a combination of qualitative and quantitative. It is important to use a combination of both because it will provide more information about application of the study and how future research should be conducted. Before the semester meeting with professors of the ALI program at UMKC to seek permission to begin the study is vital. Meeting early on also begins to form strong communication which is necessary to ensure that assignments and ways of incorporating Facebook in the classroom are different from previous studies. There will be one introductory session with each of the four courses composed of 30 or so students, collectively there will be about 120 students involved in this study. Students will not be informed on the purpose of the study, only that their progress in English will be tracked. Information will be collection from the students that wish to participate such as demographic and contact information, as well as how comfortable they feel with their English. The rest of the surveys throughout the course of the semester will be sent via email. Professors will be making notes of progress or possible problems and at the end of the study they will share how Facebook impacted ELLs’ motivation to learn English, if it did at all.

For this study, the interview schedule related to economic, social background of the respondents , health awarness in Schedule caste and backward caste was prepared for the data collection. The study was based on primary and secondary data which will be gathered through different sources. The secondary data was collected from different government organizations and publications. The Interview schedule was prepared for collecting the primary data.