The Five Factor Model ( Ffm )

The Five-Factor Model originated in an attempt to compile trait-related terms as researchers were dissatisfied with

Each of these components have personality traits that are associated with them. Extraversion refers to the degree in which a person is active, energetic, talkative, and assertive. Openness refers to the degree in which a person is imaginative, independent, and prefers variety. Agreeableness depends on the individual’s level of compassion, trust, and good nature. Conscientiousness is the extent to which a person is organized, careful, and responsible. Lastly, neuroticism relates to a person’s emotional stability and negative emotions. If you experience this, you score higher in neuroticism. I personally took a survey on the Big Five and I would have to say that I agree with the results for the most part. The only component I disagreed with was openness because it put me in the 6th percentile. I think this is a little low, but not too far off. It is said that results in these five factors can vary based on culture.

were asked to rate people they knew on the 171 traits. The results were factor

The five-factor model (FFM) is a contemporary construct describing personality. It incorporates five traits – openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness and neuroticism also referred to as OCEAN. Within each dimension, there are specific personality attributes, for example, openness includes subcategories of feelings and actions. The FFM was influenced by Cattell’s 16-factor model (1957) and shares traits with many other personality theories such as Eysenck’s PEN model. There has been an ongoing debate discussing how many factors appropriately represent the brain structure of personality, suggestions have varied from 2-7, recently Almagor et al. (1995) advocated that a 7-factor model unfolds when evaluative traits are involved. Costa & Mcrae (1992) claim that the FFM is the best theory of personality, however, the model has received much criticism. Through examining different aspects of the model its credibility can be explored.

I found the test results of the Big Five personality assessment to be an interesting and very accurate description of myself. After completing this assessment, I was able to analyze my personality in depth. I found this information to be helpful knowledge and provide insight about myself, as well as being crucial in examining my personality traits. The big five is also referred to the OCEAN model of personality, and stands for the main traits used to describe personalities. This acronym stands for openness to experience/intellect, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism. After taking the test I was then given percentile scores that allowed me to compare myself with other people who have taken the test online as well, therefore making it a more meaningful comparison.

found later on in the textbook is called the Five-Factor model of personality (Cervone & Pervin,

Costs & McCrae, (1995) supported the development that each of the Five Factor Model (FFM) further split into six facets, (Widiger & Costa, 2012). The five factor model and their six facets are explained as: “Extraversion (E) – gregariousness, sociability, affiliation, dominance, boldness and forcefulness, Agreeableness (A) - generous, cooperative, altruistic and warm, Conscientiousness (C) – responsible, efficiency, dependability, carefulness and organization, Neuroticism (low ES) – anxiousness, insecurity, indecisiveness and being tense /Emotional Stability (ES) - self-reliant and stable and Openness to Experience (O) – imaginative, unconventional, curious, original and independent minded” (Ehrhart et. al., 2008) allowing the five factor model to be effective in developing cross-cultural questionnaires (Costs & McCrae, 1995).

The 2nd Factor is Agreeableness (AKA Friendliness) and my score is 23 which is relatively low. The score

Of the Big Five personality traits, I scored highest on neuroticism. I compared myself to my friend. My friend scored highest on extraversion. I scored lowest on extraversion, whereas my friend scored lowest on agreeableness. I was somewhat surprised at my results that my friend received. However, I was not surprised by my results. I am a typically anxious person, so I knew I would probably score high on neuroticism. However, I thought my friend would score higher on agreeableness. I don’t agree with some of these because I believe that my friend falls a little higher on the agreeableness, while I believe we both fall a little higher on the openness scale. I also believe there is more to a person’s personality than that.

“The Five Factor Model provides a compelling framework for building personality measures that seek to represent the domain of individual terms broadly and systematically” (Briggs, 1989 as cited in McAdams. DP, 1992, p. 332). The FFM consists

In psychology, the Big Five personality traits are five broad domains or dimensions of personality that are used to describe human personality. The theory based on the Big Five factors is called the Five Factor Model (FFM)[1] The Big Five factors are openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism.

The Big 5 personality trait model includes Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion (sometimes also referred to as Extroversion), Agreeableness, and Neuroticism (sometimes seen as Stability). There have been many attempts to classify most traits found in people by providing research backing a specific school of thought for gathering data into prioritized or separate groups. To do the research, scientist and psychologists need a way to gather this information. The most common way to gather data to compare is by using personality tests that have been created. These include two different kinds of tests: Objective and Projective.

The Big Five personality test was created in the 1970 's by two independent research teams. One team with Paul Costa and Robert McCrae, and the other with Warren and Lewis Goldberg. The two teams had different methods that they tested but in the end they both ended up with the same results. The results were that no matter what culture, race, or language people have their personality fits into five dimensions of personality. The five dimensions were created after reviewing lots of surveys and data analysis called factor analysis. Now, just forty years later the Big Five is one of the most commonly accepted personality models.

The Five Factor Model or Big Five model developed by McCrae and Costa factor together personality traits into 5 major categories. Those factors were Neuroticism (worried insecure, nervous, highly strung), Extraversion (Sociable, talkative, fun-loving, affectionate), Openness (Original, independent, creative, daring), Agreeableness (Good-natured, softhearted, trusting, courteous), and Conscientiousness (Careful, reliable, hardworking, organized). (Schultz & Schultz, 2013). They are able to include most of other lower order traits accounting for specific dimensions of individual differences in personality. (Schultz & Schultz, 2013)

A largely effective method of breaking up the human personality is using the Big Five Factor Model, this presents five traits (extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, neuroticism, openness). Many studies that been done on each individual trait and their respective influences on success, however when individual traits are studied to observe their effect on academic success it is clear that some traits are more desirable than others if one is to strive within an academic setting (ETS, 2016).