Major Structures Of The Human Brain Essay

The brain is a soft, delicate, non-replaceable and spongy mass of tissue. Brain is considered as a kernel part of the body and has a very complex structure. The brain consists of mainly two types of tissues: gray matter (GM) and white matter (WM). The brain also contains a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) that consists of enzymes, glucose, salts, and white blood cells. The brain is divided into three major parts, the hindbrain (including the cerebellum and the brain stem), the midbrain, and the forebrain (including the diencephalon and the cerebrum).The body is made up of many

The brain stem or the medulla is the closest to the spinal cord. The brainstem is responsible for most of the human bodily functions. The brain stem is critical for human survival and normal human functions. The brain stem is also responsible for information of pain and touch from the head and neck; it is also responsible for the inputs from the face and the mouth. Reticular formation is a group of neurons, nuclei, that are important for sleep and wakefulness. In reticular formation there is nuclei that are a major source of neurotransmitter serotonin. Serotonin is important for regulating mood and activities.

According to Lu and Bludua, the outer layer of the cerebral hemisphere is called the cerebral cortex, which is the outer layer of the brain. Under the cortex is the limbic system, which consists of the amygdala, hippocampus, thalamus, and hypothalamus. In the temporal lobe, the amygdale purpose is to store and process strong feeling such as fear. Behind the amygdala is the hippocampus, which channels making memories and learning into short term memory. Then short term memory converts into long term memory. On the top of the brain stem is the thalamus. The thalamus is the “central processing center of the limbic system” (Lu & Bludau, 2011) which accumulates, processes, and distributes limbic and sensory information to the cerebral cortex. Beneath the thalamus is the hypothalamus. The hypothalamus maintains homeostasis and the body’s equilibrium. To keep the system at a set point, the equilibrium monitors body temperature, blood pressure, body weight, fluid

The human brain contains about 100 billion neurones, and has an average volume of 1200-1400mL. Once brain cells die, they stay dead forever.
The brain controls and regulates body functions. Without it you cannot survive. Damage to the brain is repaired slowly. Sometimes other parts of the brain take over the function of the damaged parts, but there are instances where brain damage is permanent.

The Cerebrum:
Associated with higher brain function, such as thought and action. The cerebrum obtains information from an individual’s surroundings and their body, and then sends that information to a specific part of the cerebrum. The cerebrum interprets this knowledge and decides what must happen next. The muscles and sensory information from the left side of the body is controlled by the right side of the brain, and vice versa.

Occupies more than 80% of the brain, and contains over 10 billions neurones. The folds in the cerebrum are called ‘convolutions’, and are used to fit more neurones and information in. These folds increase its surface area by three times. It is here that the high intellectual functions of humans take place. The cerebrum controls you conscious thoughts and the intentional (voluntary)

The Thalamus receives most of the incoming sensory information (excluding smells) and then relays that information to the cortex.

The Oxford Dictionary defines the brain as an organ of soft nervous tissue contained in the skull of vertebrates. This part of the body has three important features. These features help the brain carries out its functions. The three important features are the cerebrum, the cerebellum, and the brainstem.

The brain is the most important part of the body, it controls everything we do. It is one of the most complex organs of the body. It has many parts, including these main bits: The cortex is the outer layer of the brain and it controls thinking and movement. The brain stem/spinal cord is between the spine and the rest of the brain and the controls our sleep and breathing. The cerebellum is in the middle and back of the brain and controls balance and coordination. There are also several lobes which are important to the brain as well. The frontal lobe is responsible for problem solving and judgement and the temporal lobe is responsible for memory and hearing. The parietal lobe is responsible for processing sensory information from

The brain resides in the cranium, and is a perplex organ of several tissue layers and neural networks (Tang-Schomer, et al., 2014). Some parts of the brain include the cerebral cortex and thalamus, which support cognition and relay signals, respectively. Furthermore, the brain is responsible for both autonomic and somatic bodily mechanisms (OpenStax College, 2013). Considering the diversity of structural functions within the brain, the brain’s overall function is an executive one that controls the nervous system by means of perceiving and communicating electrical signals.

The forebrain is responsible for a variety of functions including receiving andprocessing sensory information, thinking, perceiving, producing and understandinglanguage, and controlling motor function. There are two major divisions of forebrain: thediencephalon and the telencephalon. The diencephalon contains structures such as thethalamus and

it plays the a major role in the regulation of motivated behaviors such as the directing the release of hormones from the pituitary gland. It dangles from the ventral surface part of the brain. Two other structures of the brain appear on the inferior surface of the brain called optic chasm and the mammilary bodies. THe optic chasm is the area at which the optical nerves extend from each eye and then come together. and the mammilary bodies are the pair of spherical hypothalamic nuclei located on the inferrior surface of the hypothalumus.(Rice University, n.d.) Located to the rear of the pituitary gland. the Tlencephalon or what we call the cerebral hemispheres are the largest divisions of the human brain the large mass of the telencephalon, on either side of the midline, consisting of the cerebral cortex and its associated fiber systems, together with the deeper-lying subcortical telencephalic nuclei (that is, basal nuclei [ganglia]).(Farlex Medical Dictionary) of the interior portions of the telecephalon , includes the basal ganglia which partially surrounds the diencephalon and it particiates in are motor activities which includes speech. The hippocampis and the amydaloid nucleus which lie very deep with in the lower part of our cortex, This plays a major role in the actions of our emotionsal expressions.(Rice University,

The brain is such an amazing organ. The function of the brain is to receive information from other parts of the body, understand the information, and the figure out how to respond to the situation. The brain is responsible for such important things such as memory, body movements, the senses, and pretty much everything else. The average female brain weighs about 2.7lbs, and the average male brain weighs about 3lbs. The brain is also one of the fattest organs in the body. A little fun fact about the brain is that all of the blood vessels, located in just the brain, can stretch out to be 100,000 miles long. The human brain is the largest brain compared to all other living things around the same body size, and it makes up about 2% of the body weight.

The brainstem, midbrain, and hindbrain is located in the southern part of the brain and houses the oldest structures in terms of how the brain grew through human evolution. It is the gateway to the rest of the brain, all information passes through the brainstem. The brainstem is comprised of the cerebellum, thalamus, pons, midbrain, and the medulla oblongata. To start with the functions on the brain, the spinal cord is a bundle of closely bound nerves that connect throughout the body and form the central nervous system. It connects to the medulla oblongata, its purpose is to control involuntary functions such as breathing and heartbeat. Then the medulla connects to the pons which controls sleep, breathing, swallowing, bladder control, hearing,

The primary structure in the cranial cavity is the brain which has a mass around 1300 grams and make up by approximately 100 billion neurons and 10 to 50 trillion neuroglia in adults (Tortora and Derrickson, 2011). The weight of the brain increases rapidly during the first four years of life and reaches the maximum weight around twentieth years (Gallucci et al., 2005). The brain is the portion of central nervous system that act as control center for registering sensation correlated with one another and with stored information, decision making, and actions. Furthermore, it also acts as a center for the intellectual, emotions, behavior and memories (Tortora and Derrickson, 2011).

     One of the most complex and fascinating things in the human body is the brain. The body is “capable of almost everything, but it would not be possible, without the brain receiving information, and analyzing the information.”

The cortex consists of four sections, called "lobes". The frontal lobe is connected to reasoning, planning, speech, movement, emotions, and problem solving. The parietal lobe is associated with balance, recognizing, and movement. The occipital lobe is associated with vision. The temporal lobe is connected to hearing, memory, and speech. The cortex is highly wrinkled, making the brain more convenient, as this increases the brain's surface area, giving it more room for neurons. The cerebrum is divided into two hemispheres- the left hemisphere, and the right hemisphere. The right hemisphere is associated with creativity, and the left one is linked with logic. A bundle of nerve fibers, known as the corpus callosum connects these "hemispheres" (Brain Structures and their Functions). The cerebellum, which is also known as the "little brain", is similar to the cerebrum, since it also has two hemispheres and a highly folded surface. This part of the brain is linked with movement and balance. The cerebellum is assumed to be older than the cerebrum "evolutionarily" (Brain Structures and Their Functions). The brain stem controls basic life functions such as blood pressure, breathing, and heartbeat. Scientists say that the brain stem is the simplest part of the brain (Brain Structures and Their Functions).