The Five Phases Of The Iran-Iraq War

The Soldiers of Alpha Battery, 80th AAA Battalion adapted to their constant environment and altered their specialty. Once they arrived in Ardennes, the unit’s mission changed from Anti-Aircraft, to supporting ground units with 57mm anti-tank gun. These Soldiers were Anti-Aircraft by trade, but adapted their skills to make an impact where they were the most needed. Modern day Air Defense Artillery adapts much in the same way. The ever changing world calls for new systems, different training, and a higher operational tempo. The Air Defense Artillery branch is always changing and adapting to modern military operations. The 21st of December proved how vital Anti-Aircraft Soldiers were to large combat operations. Their training allowed them to operate the 57mm anti-tank guns which turned out to be vital to stopping the German advance and eventually securing victory in Europe. In today’s military operations the Air Defense Artillery protects vital areas from aerial attack allowing Operation Commanders a location to land troops and supplies. Every battle and war is dependent on a supply route and without a secured supply route, no combat element can secure a victory. The 80th AAA Battalion proved how their adaptability and their support of large combat

The 2nd Brigade of 101st Airborne Division found out in the summer of 2004 that they had to prepare for the war in the Middle East more particularly for Iraq. With Colonel Todd Ebel in Command of the 2nd Division with a year to prepare over 3,400 men and woman he got right to work. Colonel Ebel started by choosing his staff and who he thought was fit to take charge and lead this ever more complicated war. It was a huge religious civil war taking place in Iraq at the time with the Sunnis at war against the Shi’ite and after the capture of Saddam insurgency started uprising immediately. This uprising along with the uprising of Muqtada al-Sadr a key leader that had lots of violent followers that soon grew into a form of a militia called

The Gulf War is often remembered as an easy victory by most Americans. Perceived as an intense military campaign intended to bring about a swift victory, and often referred to as a battle between good and evil. In reality, the U.S. military had a host of troubles in the conflicts of Operation Desert Shield and Operation Desert Sheild which became known as the Gulf War of 1990-91, many of troubles were caused by the unnecessary deaths of allied troops, and the Iraqi civilians alike. Other catastrophes were avoided purely by luck or incompetence of the Iraqi Military. What new military strategies, procedures and technologies are now in place as a result of lessons learned. Hopefully to ensure that some of the worst mistakes that were made evident by the Gulf War will not be repeated in a subsequent war in Iraq or elsewhere. The intense reality of the actual battle fought by the United States and its allies against Iraq, left many a U.S. military spokesmen were scoffing at the Iraqi forces as “the fourth-largest army in the world.” And “the second-largest army in Iraq” by the world at the end of the Gulf War,

The position of strength that the Army has is that everyone has seen over the last ten years what our Army has done, and is capable of. Lots of people want to put the Army in a box. They want to say this is what the Army can do -- they can do this little thing over here. I am here to tell them that the Army is probably the most flexible, adaptable organization across all the services, and that we can respond and be capable anywhere any time to support any Combatant

Immediately America begins searching for deadly weapons of the Iraqi army, easy to do, due to the little opposition on the ground and nearly none in the air. America’s problems early on was not the Iraqi army, it was actually the harsh weather conditions such as sand storms that slowed America ground troops. Despite the weather conditions America would still continue to attack the Iraqi army by the air, gaining power of oil plants and territory. Still very far from Baghdad, America forces engage in combat with not only the Iraqi military, but the Iraqi people resisting against them. Making this 315 mile trip even that much harder.

In the early morning hours of the 19th of March 2003 the leviathan force better known as the United States military began an occupation to topple the brutal Saddam Hussein regime. The conflict later known as the Iraq War and dubbed Operation Iraqi Freedom by the United States, brought together four separate nations to overturn Saddam Hussein and the Ba’athist government. The war introduced tactics and strategies of urban warfare, the likes of which have never used by the U.S. military before; and despite President George W. Bush declaration on the 1st of May 2003 abroad the USS Abraham Lincoln, the war was anything but “mission accomplished.” Operation Iraqi Freedom consisted of twenty-one major battles throughout its rough ten-year occupation. Operation Phantom Fury, or better known as the Second Battle of Fallujah, was one of those strategic key battles. Then Major General Richard F. Natonski led the 1st Marine Division through Operation Phantom Fury. I will introduce a brief history of LTG Natonski, the strategic location of the City of Fallujah, and an in-depth critical analysis of the mission command throughout the deadliest battle in the Iraq War.

Iraq utilized them during the Iran-Iraq war between 1980 and 1988. Most infamously in Sardasht a city in Northwestern Iran in the West Azarbaijan province. This attack on June 28, 1987, was not only the first city Saddam Hussein utilized mustard gas against civilians, but the first city in the world to be gassed. The bombing occurred on two separate runs on four residential areas. Of the estimated 20,000 people that populated the area at that time 25% still suffer from severe illnesses from the attack. These 5,000 people are a small portion of the estimated 100,000 Iranians that still suffer from long term effects caused by the use of chemical weapons (globalsecurity.org, 2013). This is one of many confirmed and unconfirmed instances where Iraq utilized chemical weapons prior to 19 March

Following defeat in 1991, where US Air Land Battle doctrine and “second offset” technological advantage were demonstrated effectively, Hamdani recommended transforming Iraqi land forces from “heavy mechanised” to “light infantry” with focus on “guerrilla war” to counter US air power dominance. However, Saddam was in denial viewing the “Mother of All Battles” a victory; this was logical to him – he remained in power when his enemy was no longer POTUS and he still had a military with the world’s largest Arab army. He regarded internal (coup, Shia) and regional (Iran, Israel) threats ahead of external (US) threats with “the possibility of … American invasion … nonsense.” Having successfully quelled in March 1991what he perceived as the greatest danger to his regime, an internal uprising, he intended to maintain the military capability proven to ensure “the internal security of the Ba’ath dictatorship” ; viewing change unnecessary. But he was wrong: the US threat was credible and his military was not fit to counter it. Nonetheless there was no transformation. The regime complied with his will, coerced by fear. Saddam’s draconian leadership created a culture of deceit. Most feared for their lives and ‘toed the Ba’ath Party line’ with lying becoming commonplace across government and the military. “The resulting personal and organizational paranoia profoundly affected how Iraq addressed its strategic and military problems.” This negatively affected Iraqi military readiness and planning. To the contrary, Hamdani, viewed as a competent officer with ‘top cover’ from

The purpose of this battle analysis is to discuss how Army Intelligence failed to give adequate size of AQI working in Baqubah, Iraq and the Unit that was a Heavy unit (Mechanized INF and Tanks) failure to organize their forces effectively to confront the

US Central Command’s (CENTCOM) lack of understanding the operational environment led to a poor definition of the problem. The key to understanding the operational environment is the ability to describe the current and desired operational environment. (JPiii8). CENTCOM’s planning did reflect a good understanding of the current operational environment. CENTCOM understood the influences Iraq’s current political structure

It’s 2007 and MARK HOPKINS (23) is a soldier in the Iraq War. When his unit is attacked, he helps save the life of his soldier friend, RAY JOHNSON (22). Ray loses a leg in the attack.

At Coalition airfields and on board Coalition warships all across the Gulf region, the first hours after midnight 17 January were marked by activity with a new sense of urgency. The initial attack packages marshalled south of the Iraqi and Jordanian early warning and ground control intercept (GCI) coverage. By employing modern stealth capabilities the coalition forces intended on targeting a specific Iraqi radar dish, which would, unless destroyed, alert Iraqi air defence of the impending assault. The entire coalition attack armada moved north, comprising of hundreds of aircraft from many different nations and services, proceeded into hostile airspace at 2:10 am, Baghdad time . Eight US Army AH-64 Apache helicopters led by two US Air ForceMH-53 Pave Low helicopters destroyed Iraqi radar sites near the Iraqi-Saudi Arabian border which could have warned Iraq of an impending attack, hence providing the coalition forces with an initial advantage. Shortly after the operation was authorised and the initial assaults on airfields in Western Iraq begun. These airfields were targeted on the basis that they were the quintessential first response of the Iraqi army and by effectively destroying them the coalition forces hoped to obtain the advantage with air superiority. Coupled with the assault on these specific airfields, a large US led squadron began to bomb the Iraqi city of Baghdad , which was to act as a diversion, which resulted in the small Iraqi air forces currently deployed to return to Baghdad in an effort to counter the coalition bombing campaign. These attacks were met with little resistance, which can be attributed to the successful planning and delivery of Phase. 1 can be attributed to the coalition forces ability to effectively survey

Towards the final years of the war, appeared that neither side were getting any closer to the goal they set when they entered the war. Iraq was no longer pushing into Iran to try and overthrow their government to ensure Hussein’s reign as dictator. While Iraq mainly played defense in the war, Iran was unable to push far enough into Iraq to accomplish their goal of taking Hussein out of power. In an attempt to stop this stalemate of a war, city warfare was taking over instead of conventional, foot warfare. This lead to both sides exchanging bombings of cities in their nations. Iran bombed Baghdad and then in turn, Iraq bombed Tehran. This war of cities continued on for some time, yet this was just another example of stalemate warfare just with

Persian Gulf War, also called Gulf War, (1990–91), international conflict that was triggered by Iraq’s invasion of Kuwait on August 2, 1990. Iraq’s leader, Saddam Hussein, ordered the invasion and occupation of Kuwait with the apparent aim of acquiring that nation’s large oil reserves, canceling a large debt Iraq owed Kuwait, and expanding Iraqi power in the region1. The Iraqi leader Saddam Hussein claimed as a reason for the invasion a territorial dispute over the Shatt al-Arab, the waterway which forms the boundary between the two countries2. Saddam Hussein believed that Iran was in turmoil and that his forces could achieve quick victory3.

After the chance of Pakistan in Aug 1947, Iran had the novel distinction of being the main country to overall distinguish the sovereign position of Pakistan. As of now, the two nations are financially savvy partners. This cooperation made due all through the Awesome War, with Iran helping Pakistan in its debate with main adversary, Local neighborhood Indian nearby. In return once more, Pakistan expanded Iran militarily amid the Iran– Iraq War in the Nineteen-eighties. Since 2000, associations between the two proclaims have been generally steady and financially savvy and armed force coordinated effort has enhanced the connection. The two nations are beginning individuals the Cost-viable