The Flat Earth : The Beliefs Of The Flat Earth

The young earth and old earth was not always a debated topic. Before the 18th century not many people believed in an old earth, the majority of people believed that it was about 6,000 years old. But during the 1700s, people began to challenge the age of the earth. Three of the many men who advanced the theory

Ptolemy, a Roman astronomer came up with the theory that the universe revolved around Earth and all the creatures inhabiting it (Doc. C). This theory, The Geocentric Universe of Ptolemy, was adjusted by most of the people during The Middle Ages. However, much later on, Nicolaus Copernicus, a Polish astronomer, disagreed with Ptolemy’s theory. With his use of math and reason, he came up with a new theory called The Heliocentric Universe of Copernicus (Doc. C). He said that the universe & Earth itself revolves around the sun. The Church denied this theory because they did not want to be proven wrong. If the Church was wrong about this part of the universe, this would then cause man to wonder what else they could be wrong about, or even lied to them about. This new theory taught men to think for themselves and not to rely on the Church for

James Hutton was the first scientist to address the Earth was millions of years old, as well as alive and is continuously being formed. Charles Lyell popularized uniformitarianism, and believed the Earth was being shaped by slow moving forces. Alfred Wegener introduced the foundation for the theory of continental drift. Wegener was one of the first to recognize and have an understanding of how the Earth works which required data and information from earth sciences. In the 1960s, the theory for the continental drift became known as the theory of plate tectonics or plate building.

Before the scientific revolution people believed that Earth was the center of the universe. That was widely believed by everyone until Nicholas Copernicus said that the sun was the center of the universe and the Earth orbited around it. Document one

Columbus’ postulation that the world was not flat because any educated person in that time new that the world was round.

Celebrated on October 31st, the festival of Halloween (also known as Samhain) includes dressing in costume, trick or treating, and decorating. Tracing back in history Halloween is considered to be one of America’s oldest holidays, and is still celebrated today. Halloween is believed to come from Celtic rituals. Celtics believed the cosmological myth of Saman (Lord of the Dead). Saman would call on the souls of the people that passed away that year to take them to the afterlife or underworld; the Celtic underworld identifies with the Christian Hell. In order for the spirits to believe they were on their own, the living would wear costumes and mask their identities, along with fairies, witches and demons. This functions as a cosmological myth because it provides a creation story and framework in which this universe occupies and includes many other realms of existence. Another tradition that followed was to give food to the Saman, to persuade him to be more tolerant while he judged the dead ancestors of the living, which he would chose to take to the underworld. In this essay I will further investigate what the origins of Halloween consist of and how it offers reasoning for trick-or-treating. Also I will examine how trick-or-treating, which is still continued today, is connected to ancient Celtic festivals.

Anybody can tell just by looking at the diagrams of the solar system from the two different time periods that there was a big gap in between the thoughts of the two men who made them. Ptolemy, the man who made it in the medieval period, made people believe that the earth was in the center of our solar system, and the sun was the third planet from the earth. He also made people believe that, “the outer sphere… the Empire of Heaven and Home of God and the Elect” (DBQ Online Document C). These facts were not only untrue, but they also caused everyone to believe that this was correct.

In recent news, a new community has outwardly spoken on the theory, the earth is flat. This community calls themselves “The Flat Earth Society” or “Flat Earthers”. This began around the mid-20th century and has rapidly grown with the expansion of social media, and influencers such as rapper B.o.B and basketball player Shaquille O’Neal.

Moreover, the transfer of ideas also had an intellectual impact in fields such as astronomy, medicine, and mathematics. To begin with, Claudius Ptolemy, a Greek scholar, created a model of how the solar system is arranged, the Earth in the center (document one). Claudius Ptolemy most likely described the inverse with the Earth in the center because of the limited technology during his time period, some time around 100 AD. Persian Muslim scholar, Al-Biruni, describes the Hindu view of how the earth is shaped and that the earth is the center of the universe (document six). Al-Biruni is a Persian Muslim and not a Hindu and therefore writes about these conceptions with the point of view of an outsider. During this time period, various scholars came up with

It was to be that educated Europeans already believed that the world was round even before Columbus made the statement that the world was round. It was the Idea that the Greeks in the 5th century BC already came up with the myth that the world was round. Most believed that the world was flat and you could sail right off the earth. These people thought this because the maps that they used to navigate where a world that was flat and this is why they thought this. But studies identified the world as in a sphere but no christopher columbus was not the first to have estimated that the world is a

It exist, although it possesses a mythical name. It has grey and brown armor. The earth hides it as it hunts for game.

Ancient cultures did not believe the Earth to be the spherical object we know Earth to be

In the early medieval period, the masses believed that earth was at the center of the universe and everything revolved around it. “...the judgement of many centuries has approved the view that the Earth remains fixed as center in the midst of the heavens…” Nicolaus Copernicus thought that this idea was absurd and continued to explain that the Earth actually moves. He was afraid to even discuss the idea as anyone during the period would just reject it immediately. The Earth being flat was in part influenced by religion and by writing his theories, he was almost apologetic for suggesting the heavens were different from what almost all people believed. “...that the earth is situated in the third sphere and revolves with great speed around the sun, is a very dangerous thing, not only by irritating all the philosophers and scholastic theologians, but also injuring our holy faith and rendering the Holy Scriptures false.” The change in culture was seen as a danger to religion as the new ideas went against a lot of factors in religion. The strict religious ideas caused almost a cultural revolt for new ideas. But because religion was being changed radically, it left room for new ideas like this to start spreading to the

There are several different theories as to how the earth came to be, there are similarities and differences with some of them. It is very clear that there are indeed differences in the stories, along with similarities. Many people are familiar with the Christian Bible version; the earth was created in seven days, Adam was created then Eve from his rib. However, not nearly as many people have heard of the Sky World creation story. Both stories have a tree with something forbidden about it.

Though this theory is being criticized, it is still important because many other theories are based