The Flight Of The Airline Industry

The United States carries over one third of the globe’s total traffic, where Over 1.5 billion passengers fly annually. Over the past 20 years, air travel has grown at an average of about 5% per year, the reason for annual change is usually differences in economic growth, and of course other environmental factors, such as the current war. As a rule, the annual growth in air travel has been about twice the annual growth in GDP. Deregulation, liberalization, and competition have essentially altered the management strategies and practices of airlines. Productivity improvements and cost management have been two of the greatest concerns for US airlines for the past twenty years. As a whole, the airline industry must continue to improve their specialization in terms of fleet utilization, pricing and revenue management, and schedule optimization.

In order to determine whether the Five Forces are still applicable, this part will analyse Industry in general concerning structural changes due to Digitalization. Because of Digitalization, another two forces significantly affect the competition which are Globalization and Deregulation. The impact of Globalization on the Industry structure is the customers gain benefit as comparing global prices become much easier and faster in from the Globalization process (Dalken, 2014).

The terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001 shook the United States in a profound way, deeply upsetting the national perception of safety within U.S. borders. No industry or sector of the economy felt the impacts of these events more than the airline industry. Both the immediate reaction to the attacks and the long-term repercussions have negatively affected the industry. Today’s airline industry is much different than it was prior to September 11. There is a much smaller work force, more low-cost carriers, more security and more fees associated with flying.

The situation of the U.S airlines has been affected by a number of factors through time and is not a secret that has been passed by moments difficult, especially in the economic part. One of these factors were the terrorist’s attacks of 911. No other event in history has changed the way of doing business that the fateful events of September 11, 2001. Apart from the significant human loss, the millionaire impact to the economy of New York and in the United States and multi-million dollar expenditure associated with the global war against terrorism, attacks on the World Trade Center (World Trade Center or WTC) in New York and the Pentagon trembled the authority of the United States, at a time when it was going through a recession. All this made

September 11, 2001, was a horrific event that rocked the world and the way people viewed the safety of airline travel. The airline industry was hit the hardest after that day and it was uncertain if they could regain their customer’s

P. Airlines are subject to extensive regulatory and legal requirements issued by The Department of Transportation and The Federal Aviation Administration. The industry has to comply with laws and regulations not only domestically but also internationally which requires significant spending. After 9/11, many new security measures have been put into practice, resulting in expenditures for equipment, training the personnel, federal and airport charges, security taxes and etc.

American airline industry is steadily growing at an extremely strong rate. This growth comes with a number economic and social advantage. This contributes a great deal to the international inventory. The US airline industry is a major economic aspect in both the outcome on other related industries like tourism and manufacturing of aircraft and its own terms of operation. The airline industry is receiving massive media attention unlike other industries through participating and making of government policies. As Hoffman and Bateson (2011) show the major competitors include Southwest Airlines, Delta Airline, and United Airline.

1. There are a few trends in the US airline industry. One is consolidation, wherein existing players merge in an attempt to lower their costs and generate operating synergies. The most recent major merger was the United Continental merger, which is still an ongoing affair, but has created the largest airline in the United States by market share (Martin, 2012). Another trend is towards low-cost carriers. In the US, Southwest has been a long-running success and JetBlue a strong new competitor, but in other countries this business model has proven exceptionally successful. The third major trend is the upward trend in jet fuel prices, and the increasing importance that this puts on hedging fuel prices and capacity management (Hinton, 2011).

Airlines Industry is large and growing, it is also the most fiercely competitive sector. It facilitates international trade, world economy growth, tourism and international investment. The airline industry has over time with the use of modern technology been able to take advantage of the short haul, high frequency and gained a competitive advantage over other forms of travel, such as buses and railroad travel. Additionally, the airline industry still holds the market for global travel at a low cost and convenient way to travel. The aviation industry gives a good contribution to the GDP which includes the following: airline services, general aviation, civil airport operations, aircraft manufacturing, and

Since the airline industry is a direct product of market conditions, it is greatly affected by all externalities. Many people noticed a decline in travel after the September 11th tragedy occurred due to safety concerns. When there is a huge increase in fares that definitely interferes with the demand for travel; it causes the price of tickets to continue to rise since a clear correlation between supply and demand exists. When the economy is doing well in terms of the employment rate, and when the dollar is strong people have the tendency to travel more (Jerram,1998).

With 1988 operating income of $801 million on a revenue of $8.55 billion, American Airlines, Inc. (American), principal subsidiary of Dallas/Fort Worth-based AMR Corporation, was the largest airline in the United States. At year-end 1988 American operated 468 aircraft on 2,200 flights daily to 151 destinations in the United States, Bermuda, Canada, Mexico, the Caribbean, France, Great Britain, Japan, Mexico, Puerto Rico, Spain, Switzerland, Venezuela, and West Germany.

The growth of airline industry in any country is directly proportional to its GDP growth; the greater the business activity, the more air travel and the higher the GDP of the country. The demand

In the airline markets, SIA has strong competition from not only Asia areas, airlines but also many international brand airlines such as United Airlines and American airlines (best airlines in American for 2012). Although SIA has a great brand reputation with global markets, but it also continually develops the new equipment in the busy airline industry to provide the new attractive point for increasing the customer satisfaction.

Currently, aviation undoubtedly has become an essential element of today 's global society. Being one of the safest transports in the world, the air transport industry never fails to provide maximum comfort to its passengers. To accommodate demand that keeps on increasing from time to time, the aviation industry consistently improvised and improved its manufacturing system toward better production. One of the efforts is to start using automation assembly in its production. Automation assembly has long been in use in the manufacturing industry and is considered as one of the greatest innovations of the 20th century. It has been used widely in the automotive industry, with robots eventually taking over a lot of manual activities

Literature reveals that the globalisation of the airline industry has resulted in easier accessibility across international borders. This has greatly benefited the tourism industries economic sector with a rise of foreign tourists and an increase in global competition (Dwyer, 2015). However the negative effects on the environment are vast with climate change has become a global problem. A swish study proved that out of the countries examined, 50-85% of tourism based emissions are as a result of air transport and therefore if the tourism industry is to reduce emissions, it can only be achieved through a major decrease in these environmentally destructive emissions caused by aviation (Perch-Nielsen et al, 2010).