The Forest Management Inequality Of Forest People

Environmentalist Aldo Leopold once wrote, “ We abuse land because we regard it as a commodity belonging to us. When we see land as a community to which we belong, we may begin to use it with love and respect.” This refers to us that land gives the power to stay safe and secure; we should also love our land. Although we practise to use it as we trait for it, but there would have been no action without land. We deal with the land as per our own way. Notably, indigenous people around the world often have very different sets of beliefs and traditions, a special bond with the land is a common factor. Indians tribe Mandan respect their the cultural hero. Whereas Momaday's return back to home reminds him of his grandmother's identity on that land.

Indigenous people as defined by the Cobo report (1987) are “a group having a historical

Indigenous are tribal people who identify themselves as indigenous people. They inhabited a region in a country, generations to generations, which is surrounded by national resources. Their social, cultural and economic conditions distinguish them from countrywide communities, and their customs or traditions, special laws or policy are governed by their own set of regulations, entirely or partly. They are determined to maintain and further develop their identity and distinct social, economic, cultural and political institutions as distinct peoples and community, (“UNITED NATIONS PERMANENT FORUM ON INDIGENOUS,” 2008, p. 7-9).

The protests were a means to describe people’s condemnation of the Colonizing governments’ abuses of the environment at the expense of Native peoples’ lands. For example, the protests emerge a wave of Native activism on environment and human rights matters, as manifestations condemned the spread of wildfire across Native lands (Laduke, par 5).

According to Aboriginal people, sustainability is perceived as an integral component when it comes to protecting the environment. The relationship between human rights and environmental issues and rights demonstrates the need to formulate a new human right to water rights. John Barry and Kerri Woods discuss the relationship between environmental right and human rights. They question “the assumed compatibility between human right and the environment.” Barry and Woods notice that people are often willing to choose human rights at the expense of the environment. It is problematic that people who are in favour of human rights would not agree that the environment should be protected. The United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) clearly recognizes the importance of protecting the environment for the fulfillment and enjoyment of human rights. It is important to add environmental rights to the human rights discourse because people have a duty to future generations.

An indigenous person is a term used to describe the original inhabitants of a land, the people who were there before any settlers of a different land came and took over. Indigenous people will have generally retained their cultural practices and traditions that will differ greatly from that of the settlers. The term ‘Indigenous person’ is used to describe Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders. (Australian Human Rights Commission, n.d.)

Indigenous people are people who have originated from the land in which they settle before settlement or invasion of others (United Nations 2004).They are unique and have different cultural patterns, social institutions and legal system (United Nations 2004).

Indigenous peoples is a term especially used in the international context to recognize the existence of ancestral peoples who existed prior to the formation of modern nation-states and whose way of life was, and is, historically denied, outraged and discriminated against. In September 2007 the United Nations Declaration on the Human Rights of Indigenous Peoples was signed. This represents a huge discursive change within the international context when recognizing the importance of indigenous people’s livelihoods. Indigenous ethos versus western ethos is extremely different in how they identify themselves. Indigenous peoples characteristically

First of all, he explains that the difference between public goods and common-pool resources. For example, we can say that groundwater, grazing and trees are common-pool resources. If a person uses resource at once and gets benefits from it, the value of the resource becomes lower to the another person. On the other hand, using of the public goods does not make lower the value of the resources whoever uses it. He gives an unusual observations regarding Indian Village which has no clearly defined social domain or institution separate from state authority. The author observed total of forty-one villages, and he found out that people in all of the villages share the goods and services very effectively and evenly based on common property rights. The reason why this village could use resources properly is that there are four main institutions; a village council, village standing fund, village guards, and common irrigators; which have their own common property rights. These institutions also have their own rights to do such as council organize the supply of the public goods, or village guards protect crops from livestock etc. Also, all the services in this village except water distribution are financed from the village standing fund. As a result, since these institutions have their own common property rights, they cannot help but have responsibility to protect village properly. Also, this well-made common property rights of the village could protect total tragedy of the commons as a result. Furthermore, the author gives another example about grazing in a village. For example, as he mentions above, every single rational herdsman prefers to keep as many cattle as they can to make higher benefits. To keep as many cattle as they can, they have to protect them by hiring

While it is difficult to determine an exact definition for the term "indigenous peoples" due to the diversity of indigenous groups all over the world, there are a few traits that are common to most, if not all of them; indigenous peoples are descendants from the pre-colonial inhabitants of their respective regions, they maintain close ties with their land in both cultural and economic practices, they suffer from economic and political marginalization as a minority group, and if they define themselves as indigenous then they are considered to be as such (First Peoples Worldwide, n.d.). Indigenous groups are, perhaps more than any other group, deeply connected to their land. The connection between

Indigenous communities, peoples and nations are those which, having a historical continuity with pre-invasion and pre-colonial societies that developed on their territories, consider themselves distinct from other sectors of the societies now prevailing in those territories, or parts of them. They form at present non-dominant sectors of society and are determined to preserve, develop and transmit to future generations their ancestral territories, and their ethnic identity, as the basis of their continued existence as peoples, in accordance with their own cultural patterns, social institutions and legal systems.

Shah, Anup. “Rights of Indigenous People.” Global Issues. 16 Oct. 2010. Web. 07 Aug. 2016.

Indigenous people are those that are native to an area. Throughout the world, there are many groups or tribes of people that have been taken over by the Europeans in their early conquests throughout the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, by immigrating groups of individuals, and by greedy corporate businesses trying to take their land. The people indigenous to Australia, Brazil and South America, and Hawaii are currently fighting for their rights as people: the rights to own land, to be free from prejudice, and to have their lands protected from society.

This essay discuses the relevance of culture for understanding globalization and cultural change taking place in Indonesia. The issue of globalization and cultural change has recently figured prominently in various discourses in Indonesia, especially in relation to the question of how Indonesia’s cultural identities should be maintained in the face of such a global process.

Despite Indonesia being a signatory the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, the indigenous people say they are not allowed to enjoy its benefits. Several conflicts between businesses and the indigenous are reported monthly. There are some changes that have been felt in the last decade since the state amended the constitution to recognize the indigenous people’s rights. The law also stresses the right of indigenous people to their