The Formation Of The United Nations

“Mohawk Interruptus: Political Life across the Borders of Settler States” recounts the situation of indigenous peoples living in their original lands, but refusing to accept “gifts” of state citizen and cultural recognition, as it’s not good for them. The author specifically addresses the situation of the Mohawk peoples who require self-autonomy and their own government as oppose to belonging to a sovereign state such as the United States or Canada.

Hello, everyone. I am William Andel, representing the United States of America on a important matter. Many people feel the need for a change. This is not just a simple change,either; it is an international change. Everywhere in the world, people are ravaged by war and suffering. Everyone would like to snuff that out, I’m sure, but the UN is at the forefront of this change. Why have we ignored the countries that have reached out to help?

Indigenous are tribal people who identify themselves as indigenous people. They inhabited a region in a country, generations to generations, which is surrounded by national resources. Their social, cultural and economic conditions distinguish them from countrywide communities, and their customs or traditions, special laws or policy are governed by their own set of regulations, entirely or partly. They are determined to maintain and further develop their identity and distinct social, economic, cultural and political institutions as distinct peoples and community, (“UNITED NATIONS PERMANENT FORUM ON INDIGENOUS,” 2008, p. 7-9).

People tend to forget that the Indigenous peoples traditions and cultures run much deeper then many think. As we have learned from the changes that have occurred after colonization and the displacement of these individuals these are people with strong self-determination. Although many people view them as sad, broken and dying there is many reasons why these people still exist today. As explained by Stephen Cornell in “American Indian Self-Determination”, only about 1.5 percent (4.7 million AI/AN people) of the total population today is made up of American Indian and Alaska Natives (Cornell, p.3). So we ask ourselves what must a population so small do to gain recognition and credibility as people of change and intelligence?

The concept of indigenous sovereignty is the most debated and contested subject among Indigenous academicians and politicians. To further expand the concept and understand indigenous sovereignty, Aileen brought a new insight and perspectives through the lenses of sociological thought. The Judicio-political is a commonly used approach by many theorists on indigenous sovereignty. In this respect, the author sought to challenge the concept of indigenous sovereignty situated within the Judicio-political framework and the overall epistemological foundation upon which it is built.

In Canada, colonization has stripped Indigenous peoples of their land, tradition and culture. Since the arrival of settlers the original people on this land have been forced into assimilating into a world and lifestyle that is not their own. This includes taking children away from their parents and putting them into residential schools where there languages would be lost and names would be changed, solely so they could leave the land and resources for the colonizers to use. This has left an impact on indigenous people that is still relevant, they still continue to fight for rights to their land and rights to traditions such as hunting and fishing. Indigenization is important today so that as a country the people in Canada can atone for their

The Indigenous groups in Canada have been inhabitants on these lands long before any other group arrived. Yet, these groups have been and are still disadvantaged in the political sphere, continuing to be severely underrepresented in Canadian governmental institutions. The government of Canada needs to implement governmental arrangements that will meet the unique needs of Indigenous groups, with responsiveness to their particular political, historical, and social circumstances (Indigenous Affairs and Northern Development Canada, 2010). With section 35 of the Constitution Act of 1982, the definition of Aboriginal rights has become a focus as the constitution recognizes existing rights but does not define them. There has also become a specific

She supports her main idea by providing multiple examples of the inequalities that are still faced by a large number of people today. For example, she writes that “the indigenous population has the most severe and adverse indicators with regard to poverty and marginalization” (Guillén 10). Additionally, Guillén illustrates the conflicts and issues that arise as a result of the inequalities, like armed resistance. Later, Guillén describes the issues that have arise when attempting to overlap positive and indigenous law, but also gives accounts of how the autonomous groups are working to try to deal with the conflicts. Ultimately, Guillén finishes her second section by presenting evidence showing that while the autonomous groups have not completely eradicated inequalities amongst the communities, they are slowly making things better; for example, the use of a secret ballot election for authorities and “the pursuit of accountability through expressly created committees” (Guillén

The author concludes that there were two main factors that contributed to the development of civil rights for indigenous people. According to Chesterman, the two factors that brought about these changes was the pressure that activists instilled on the government as well as the fear that was generated by a changing international environment. This suggests that the government made these changes for their own benefit, rather than the benefit of the indigenous people. They made these changes to alleviate their fear and eliminate the pressure being put on them by

R. Anthony Kugler defines globalization as “the ways in which technology and trade are making the world a smaller, more interconnected place than it used to be, and to the economic and social changes that are occurring as a result.” (Kugler, 2006). While this widespread ideals of speed and efficiency work in dominant, “first world” cultures, minority cultures and indigenous peoples often suffer from its results. It isn’t uncommon for indigenous cultures to be stripped of their traditions in the name of “development.” Because of this, the struggles these native peoples face often lead to a decrease in overall happiness and wellbeing. In order to improve the conditions these indigenous peoples face, action must be taken by dominant Western cultures to preserve and protect minority cultures and identities.

While it is difficult to determine an exact definition for the term "indigenous peoples" due to the diversity of indigenous groups all over the world, there are a few traits that are common to most, if not all of them; indigenous peoples are descendants from the pre-colonial inhabitants of their respective regions, they maintain close ties with their land in both cultural and economic practices, they suffer from economic and political marginalization as a minority group, and if they define themselves as indigenous then they are considered to be as such (First Peoples Worldwide, n.d.). Indigenous groups are, perhaps more than any other group, deeply connected to their land. The connection between

According to the Cornell University Law School’s ‘Legal Information Institute’, self-determination ‘denotes the legal right of people to decide their own destiny in the international order’. As a major concept of international law, self-determination gives people the right to control their own fates under certain fundamental criteria, and can be claimed by a minority that bases its lifestyle on an ethnic identity that is distinguishable from regular society, with a strong desire for cultural preservation. It has been considered to be a framework with the ability to guide legislative reforms within Australia, with an underlying ‘rights- based’ approach to Indigenous Issues. Self-determination is considered to be an important aspect of the legal system in regards to Indigenous Peoples, as it provides them a process of choice, to guarantee the practice of Indigenous social, cultural and economic needs.

Indigenous communities, peoples and nations are those which, having a historical continuity with pre-invasion and pre-colonial societies that developed on their territories, consider themselves distinct from other sectors of the societies now prevailing in those territories, or parts of them. They form at present non-dominant sectors of society and are determined to preserve, develop and transmit to future generations their ancestral territories, and their ethnic identity, as the basis of their continued existence as peoples, in accordance with their own cultural patterns, social institutions and legal systems.

Each individual makes up the society as it is, and various characteristics and beliefs makes up an individual. Although, individual lives together with a variety of personal ideologies, emotions, cultures, and rituals, they all differentiate one person from the other making up one’s own identity. This identity makes up who one is inside and out, their behaviour, actions, and words comes from their own practices and values. However, the profound history of Indigenous people raises question in the present about their identities. Who are they really? Do we as the non-native people judge them from the outside or the inside? Regardless of whether the society or the government were involved in their lives, they faced discrimination in every

“ Here is a task truly of, by and for the world, one that should rally nations. The nature of this task however, must be clearly understood; only then can suitable means for accomplishing it be formulated, only then can the role that the United Nations could and should play be appreciated” ( Wilcox/Haviland, 29). There are many international organizations that have been talked about throughout this semester. One of the most important ones is The United Nations. The United Nations was established October 24, 1945, and has since then been impacting the country. The United Nations main purpose according to the lecture notes is “ to provide a global additional structure through which states can sometimes settle conflicts with less reliance on the use of force , for whole purpose of the United Nations is to provide the globe a forum by which countries may settle disputes through this forum peacefully as opposed to relying on a force which has been the case historically” ( Kopalyan, Module 8). Thus meaning The United Nations was set up to handle problems peacefully rather than going to war to try and solve problems. “Powerful economic as well as political forces are at work to bring about a growing integration of the world community, and the United Nations and its related agencies are uniquely fitted to assist in the task” (Wilcox/Haviland,45). This was some of the reason that the United Nations was created.